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1、美国名人作曲家斯蒂芬福斯特StephenFoster,1826-1864:AmericasFirstPopularSongwriterplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:40repeatByShelleyGollust2006-11-18VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPeopleinAmerica.Today,wetellaboutStephenFoster,Americasfirstpopularprofessionalsongwriter
2、.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:YoumayhaveheardtheoldtraditionalAmericansongsOh!Susanna,CamptownRacesandMyOldKentuckyHome.But,doyouknowwhowrotethem?StephenFoster.Hewrotethoseandmorethantwohundredothersongsduringtheeighteenfortiesandeighteenfifties.HisbestsongshavebecomepartofAmericasculturalhistory.TheyhavebecomeA
3、mericanfolksongs.ManypeopleinAmericalearnedtosingthesesongswhentheywerechildren.MostAmericanscansingthesesongstoday.VOICETWO:StephenCollinsFosterwasbornonJulyfourth,eighteentwenty-sixinwhatisnowpartofthecityofPittsburgh,inthenortheasternstateofPennsylvania.HewastheninthchildofWilliamandElizaFoster.H
4、edidnothavemuchmusicaltraining.Buthehadagreatnaturalabilityformusic.Hetaughthimselftoplayseveralmusicalinstruments.Hecouldplayanymusicjustbylisteningtoit.StephenFosterbeganwritingsongswhenhewasfourteen.Ineighteenforty-seven,hewrotehisfirstsuccessfulsongzOh!Susanna.,KenEmersonwroteabookaboutStephenFo
5、ster.ItiscalledDoo-dah!StephenFosterandtheRiseofAmericanPopularCulture.,MisterEmersonsaysOh!SusannawasthefirstinternationallypopularsongwrittenbyanAmericanthateveryonecanstillrecognizeandsingtoday.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:StephenFostermarriedJaneMcDowellineighteenfifty.Hewrotemanynewsongs.Someofthemwereabout
6、love.OneofthebestknownisJeanieWiththeLightBrownHair.Hewroteitforhiswifewhentheywereseparated.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:StephenFosterwrotealmostthirtysongsforminstrelshows.MinstrelshowsbecamepopularintheUnitedStatesintheeighteenforties.Whiteentertainersblackenedtheirfacesandperformedasiftheywereblackentertaine
7、rs.Minstrelshowsincludedmusic,danceandcomedy.TheshowswereperformedinalmosteverymajorAmericancity,especiallyintheNortheast.OneofFosterssongswrittenforminstrelshowsisCamptownRaces.Today,itisapopularsongforchildren.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MinstrelsongsdescribedthecultureofblackAmericanslavesinthesouthernstates
8、.YetFosterdidnotreallyknowanythingaboutthissubject.HelivedinPittsburghformostofhislife.HevisitedtheSouthonlyonce.However,someexpertssayFostersminstrelsongsshowedhedidunderstandhowblackpeopleintheSouthlivedbeforetheCivilWar.ThepeopleinFosterssongslovetheirfamiliesandworkhard.Now,however,someofhissong
9、sarejudgedinsultingtoAfrican-Americans.So,musicpublishershavechangedsomeofthewords.Andafewofhissongsarenolongersung.VOICETWO:Ineighteenfifty,Fostermadeanagreementwiththeleaderofasuccessfulminstrelgroup,E.P.Christy.TheagreementmeantthatChristysMinstrelshadtherighttoperformeverynewsongFosterwrote.Fost
10、eralsopermittedChristytonamehimselfasthewriterofthesongOldFolksatHome.ThisbecameoneofmostsuccessfulsongswrittenbyStephenFoster.ItbecametheofficialsongofthestateofFloridainnineteenthirty-five.ItalsoisknownasWayDownupontheSwaneeRiver.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:StephenFosterwroteothersongsabouthomeandmemoriesofti
11、mespast.Inhisbook,KenEmersonsaysFosterwrotesongsabouthomeinpartbecausehealmostneverlivedinonehomeforlong.HisfatherlostallhismoneywhenStephenwasaboy.SoStephenwasforcedtolivewithmanydifferentfamilymembers.AlthoughFosterlivedintheNorth,someofhissongssuggestadesiretobebackhomeintheAmericanSouth.VOICETWO
12、:MyOldKentuckyHomeisanexample.MisterEmersonsaysFosterwrotethesonginhonorofHarrietBeecherStowesanti-slaverybook,UncleTomsCabin.MyOldKentuckyHomeexpressesgreatsympathyforenslavedAfrican-Americans.Theblackanti-slaveryactivistFrederickDouglasspraisedthesong.ItlaterbecametheofficialsongofthestateofKentuc
13、ky.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:StephenFosterwasAmericasfirstfull-timeprofessionalsongwriter.Hewasagoodsongwriter.Buthewasapoorbusinessman.Hesoldmanyofhismostfamoussongsforverylittlemoney.Hewasnotabletosupporthiswifeanddaughter.Ineighteensixty,hemovedtoNewYorkCity.Hissongswerenotaspopularastheyhadbeen.Hismarriag
14、ehadended.Hehadnomoney.Formostofhislife,hedranklargeamountsofalcohol.HediedonJanuarythirteenth,eighteensixty-four.Hewasonlythirty-sevenyearsold.VOICETWO:StephenFosterwashonoredinseveralwaysafterhisdeath.HewasthefirstmusiciantobenominatedtotheHallofFameforgreatAmericans.AndhewasthefirstAmericancompos
15、erwhosecompleteworkswerepublishedtogether.Eachyear,ontheanniversaryofhisdeath,peopleinPittsburghgathertorememberStephenFoster.Theygotothechurchheattendedasachild.Theyattendashowthathonorshim.Thentheyvisithisburialplace.TheendofStephenFosterslifewassad.Buthissongshavebroughthappinesstomanypeople.Oneofhislastsongswasoneofthemostbeautiful.ItiscalledBeautifulDreamer.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
