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1、美国名人娜丽布莱NellieBlyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByNancySteinbach2004-6-19Broacast:June20,2004(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutareporterofmoret
2、hanone-hundredyearsago.(THEME)VOICEONE:Theyearwaseighteen-eighty-seven.TheplacewasNewYorkCity.Ayoungwoman,ElizabethCochrane,wantedajobatalargenewspaper.Theeditoragreed,ifshewouldinvestigateahospitalforpeoplewhowerementallysickandthenwriteaboutit.ElizabethCochranedecidedtobecomeapatientinthehospitalh
3、erself.SheusedthenameNellieBrownsonoonewoulddiscoverherorherpurpose.Newspaperofficialssaidtheywouldgetherreleasedafterawhile.Toprepare,Nellieputonoldclothesandstoppedwashing.Shewenttoatemporaryhomeforwomen.Sheactedasifshehadseverementalproblems.Shecriedandscreamedandstayedawakeallnight.Thepolicewere
4、called.Shewasexaminedbydoctors.Mostsaidshewasinsane.VOICETWO:NellieBrownwastakentothementalhospital.Itwasdirty.Wastematerialwasleftoutsidetheeatingroom.Bugsranacrossthetables.Thefoodwasterrible-hardbreadandgray-coloredmeat.Nursesbathedthepatientsincoldwaterandgavethemonlyathinpieceofclothtoweartobed
5、.Duringthedayzthepatientsdidnothingbutsitquietly.Theyhadtotalkinquietvoices.YetzNelliegottoknowsomeofthem.Somewerewomenwhosefamilieshadputtheminthehospitalbecausetheyhadbeentoosicktowork.Somewerewomenwhohadappearedinsanebecausetheyweresickwithfever.Nowtheywerewell,buttheycouldnotgetout.Nellierecogni
6、zedthatthedoctorsandnurseshadnointerestinthepatientsmentalhealth.Theywerepaidtokeepthepatientsinakindofjail.Nelliestayedinthehospitalfortendays.Thenalawyerfromthenewspapergotherreleased.VOICEONE:FivedaysIaterzthestoryofElizabethCochranesexperienceinthehospitalappearedintheNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Reade
7、rswereshocked.Theywrotetoofficialsofthecityandthehospitalprotestingtheconditionsandpatienttreatment.Aninvestigationledtochangesatthehospital.ElizabethCochranehadmadeadifferenceinthelivesofthepeoplethere.Shemadeadifferenceinherownlifetoo.ShegotherjobattheNewYorkWorld.Andshewroteabookaboutherexperienc
8、eatthehospital.ShedidnotwriteitasNellieBrownzhowever,orasElizabethCochrane.Shewroteitunderthenamethatalwaysappearedonhernewspaperstories:NellieBly.VOICETWO:ThechildwhowouldgrowuptobecomeNellieBlywasbornduringtheCivilWar,ineighteen-sixty-four,inwesternPennsylvania.HerfamilycalledherPink.Herfatherwasa
9、judge.Hediedwhenshewassixyearsold.Hermothermarriedagain.Buthernewhusbanddranktoomuchalcoholandbeather.Shegotadivorceineighteen-seventy-ninezwhenPinkwasfifteenyearsold.Pinkdecidedtolearntosupportherselfsoshewouldneverneedaman.Pink,hermother,brothersandsistersmovedtoatownnearthecityofPittsburgh,Pennsy
10、lvania.Pinkworkedatdifferentjobsbutcouldnotfindagoodone.Oneday,shereadsomethinginthePittsburghDispatchnewspaper.Theeditorofthepaper,ErasmusWilson,wrotethatitwaswrongforwomentogetjobs.Hesaidmenshouldhavethem.Pinkwrotethenewspapertodisagree.Shesaidshehadbeenlookingforagoodjobforaboutfouryears,asshehad
11、nofatherorhusbandtosupporther.ShesigneditOrphanGirl.VOICEONE:Theeditorsofthedispatchlikedherletter.TheyputanoteinthepaperaskingOrphanGirltovisit.Pinkdid.MisterWilsonofferedherajob.Hesaidshecouldnotsignherstorieswithherrealname,becausenowomanwriterdidthat.Heaskednewswritersforsuggestions.OnewasNellie
12、Blyzthenameofagirlinapopularsong.SoPinkbecameNellieBly.Forninemonths,shewrotestoriesofinteresttowomen.Thensheleftthenewspaperbecauseshewasnotpermittedtowritewhatshewanted.ShewenttoMexicotofindexcitement.Shestayedtheresixmonths,sendingstoriestotheDispatchtobepublished.SoonaftershereturnedtothePittsbu
13、rghDispatch,shedecidedtolookforanotherjob.NellieBlyleftforNewYorkCityandbeganherjobattheNewYorkWorld.VOICETWO:AsareporterfortheNewYorkWorld,NellieBlyinvestigatedandwroteaboutillegalactivitiesinthecity.Foronestoryzsheactedasifshewasamotherwillingtosellherbaby.Foranother,shepretendedtobeawomanwhoclean
14、edhousessoshecouldreportaboutillegalactivitiesinemploymentagencies.Today,anewspaperreporterusuallydoesnotpretendtobesomeoneelsetogetinformationforastory.Mostnewspapersbansuchacts.ButinNellieBlysday,reportersusedanymethodtogetinformation,especiallyiftheyweretryingtodiscoverpeopleguiltyofdoingsomethin
15、gwrong.NellieBlyssuccessatthislednewspaperstoemploymorewomen.Butshewasthemostpopularofthewomenwriters.HistoryexpertssayNellieBlywasspecialbecausesheincludedherownideasandfeelingsineverythingshewrote.Theysayherownvoiceseemedtospeakonthepage.NellieBlysstoriesalwaysprovideddetaileddescriptions.Andherst
16、oriesalwaystriedtoimprovesociety.CriticssaidNellieBlywasanexampleofwhatareportercandozeventoday.Shesaweverysituationasachancetomakearealdifferenceinotherpeopleslivesaswellasherown.VOICEONE:NellieBlymaybebestrememberedinhistoryforatripshetook.Intheeighteen-seventies,FrenchwriterJulesVernewrotethebookAroundtheWorldinEightyDays.Ittoldofamansattempttotravelallaroundtheworld.Hesucceeded.Inreallife,
