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1、美国名人歌唱家保罗罗伯逊(2)PaulRobesonzPt.2playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:32repeatByShelleyGollust2004-1-10(THEME)ANNCR:NO叫theVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,ShirleyGriffithandSteveEmberfinishthestoryofthelifeofPaulRobeson(ROBEason).Hewasasingerandinternationalpoliticalactivist.(THEME)VOICEONE:Byt
2、helateNineteen-Twenties,PaulRobesonhadbecomethemosthighlypraisedblackactorandsingerofthetime.DuringtheNineteen-Thirties,hebecameinvolvedinnationalandinternationalmovementsforpeace,equalrightsforblackAmericans,andbetterlaborconditions.Hetraveledaroundtheworldsinginghissongstosupportthesestruggles.How
3、evechisfriendshipwiththeSovietUnionbroughtstrongoppositionfromconservativegroupsintheUnitedStates.ManypeopleintheUnitedStatesopposedRobesonspoliticalbeliefsastooliberalorextreme.AsearlyasNineteen-Forty-OnezAmericangovernmentagencies,ledbytheFederalBureauofInvestigation,reportedlyhadtargetedhimasdang
4、erous.TheyconsideredhispoliticalactivismtobeagainstthebestinterestsoftheAmericangovernment.VOICETWO:DuringWorldWarTwo,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionwerealliesfightingagainstNaziGermany.RobesonrecordedseveralRussiansongstohonortheSovietpeoplesdefenseoftheirlandagainsttheNaziinvasion.Theserecordings
5、werebroadcastintheSovietUnion.ManySovietsoldiersweresaidtohaveheardPaulRobesonsvoicebeforegoingintobattle.Thisisoneofthosesongs.ItiscalledNativeLand.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterWorldWarTwo,relationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionbecametense.InthelateNineteen-Forties,Americansfearedcommunismasathrea
6、ttotheirwayoflife.ThepeopleintheSovietUnionweredeniedthefreedomsthatAmericansenjoyed.TheUnitedStatesjoinedwithothernationstotrytohaltthespreadofcommunismaroundtheworld.Inaddition,thecrimesofSovietdictatorJosefStalinbecamepublic.TheseincludedthekillingofmillionsofpeopleintheSovietUnionwhoopposedhispo
7、licies.Asaresult,manyformerAmericansupportersofcommunismstoppedsupportingtheSovietUnion.VOICETWO:Robeson,however,continuedtosupporttheSovietUnion.Hestillbelievedintheideaofcommunism.AndhebelievedinfriendshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.AcongressionalcommitteebeganinvestigatingAmericanswho
8、supportedcommunismorwhowerefriendsofpeoplewhosupportedit.ThecommitteequestionedRobeson.Herefusedtosayifhewasacommunist.Robesonsawthequestioningasanattackonthedemocraticrightsofeveryonewhoworkedforinternationalfriendshipandforequality.VOICEONE:RobesonalsowascondemnedintheUnitedStatesbecauseofhiscriti
9、cismoftheUnitedStatesgovernment.HespokeattheWorldPeaceConferenceinParisinApril,Nineteen-Forty-Nine.HewasreportedtohavesaidhedidnotbelieveblackAmericanswouldfightfortheAmericangovernmentthatoppressedthemagainsttheSovietUnion.ThisstatementbroughtastrongreactionagainsthimfromsomepeopleintheAmericanpres
10、s,governmentandpublic.ItledtoriotingataconcertinNewYorkStatewhereRobesonwastoappear.Hundredsofpeoplewereinjuredwhencrowdsthrewstonesatpeopleattendingtheconcert.VOICETWO:InNineteen-Fifty,theAmericanStateDepartmentwithdrewRobesonstraveldocumentbecauseofthepoliticalideasheexpressed.Thispreventedhimfrom
11、leavingtheUnitedStatestoperforminothercountries.TheStateDepartmentsaidhistraveltoothercountrieswouldnotbeinthebestinterestoftheUnitedStates.RobesonalsowasbarredfromperforminginmanyplacesintheUnitedStates.Hisconcertswerecanceled.Hisrecordswerewithdrawnfromstores.Recordcompaniesrefusedtoproducenewreco
12、rdingsofhissongs.Robesonsaidtheactionsagainsthimwereattemptstosilenceartisticexpression.Hesaidtheywereattemptstocontrolwhompeoplecouldhearandwhattheycouldhear.VOICEONE:InNineteen-Fifty-Two,theMine,MillandSmeltersWorkersUnionofBritishColumbia,Canada,invitedRobesontoattenditsyearlymeeting.Americansdon
13、otneedapassporttoenterCanada.ButtheUnitedStatesgovernmentbarredhimfromenteringCanadaanyway.SotheunioninvitedhimtosingatanoutdoorconcertintheUnitedStates.TheconcertwasheldatPeaceArchPark.TheparkisinthenorthwesternstateofWashington,ontheborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanada.Robesonsangtomorethanthirty
14、-thousandpeopleinbothcountries.Hereisarecordingfromthatconcert.RobesonsangafamouslaborunionsongcalledJoeHill.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:RobesonperformedatanotheroutdoorconcertatPeaceArchParkthefollowingyear.Attheendoftheprogram,Robesonspoketothethousandsofpeopleattending.Hepromisedtocontinuethefightforfreedoma
15、slongashecould.Hereispartofthatspeech.(SPEECH)VOICEONE:Nineteen-FiftyEightwasanimportantyearforPaulRobeson.HisregainedhispassportthatyearafteraSupremeCourtrulingonasimilarcase.TheSupremeCourtruledthattheStateDepartmentcouldnotwithholdpassportsOfAmericancitizensbecauseoftheirsuspectedbeliefsorthegrou
16、pstheyjoined.Abookhewroteabouthislife,HereIStand/alsowaspublished.And,thatsameyear;heperformedinaconcertatthefamousCarnegieHallinNewYork.Itwashisfirstappearancethereinelevenyears.Everyseatinthehallwasfilled.PaulRobesonsanganAfrican-AmericanspiritualcalledDidntMyLordDeliver.Hereisarecordingfromthatconcert.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:PaulRobesonandhiswifeEssiemovedtoLondonwherehecontinuedtosingandact.Theyalsovisite
