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1、美国名人萨克斯音乐家查理帕克MusicHistory:CharlieParkerTookJazzinaNewDirectionplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:51repeatByVivianBournazian2005-7-2(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Today,wetellaboutoneofAmericasgreatestjazzmusicians,CharlieParker.Hei
2、nfluencedthedirectionofjazzmusicduringhisshortlifetime.Hisinfluencecontinuestoday.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CharlieParkerforeverchangedtheperformanceandwritingofjazzmusic.Hedevelopedanewstyleofjazzcalledbebop.Itwasdifferentfromthedance,orswing,stylethatwaspopularforyears.Performersofbebopleftthetraditionalmus
3、icalmelodyandplayedasongfreely,withthemusicandrhythmthatwasfeltatthetime.So,thesamesongcouldbeplayedinadifferentwayeachtimeitwasperformed.CharlieParkersaid:Musicisyourownexperience,yourthoughts,yourwisdom.Ifyoudontliveit,itwontcomeoutofyourhorn.VOICETWO:CharlieParkerwasbornAugust,twenty-ninth,ninete
4、entwenty,inthemiddlewesternstateofKansas.Hehadhisfirstmusiclessonsinthelocalpublicschools.Hismotherboughthimasaxophoneinnineteenthirty-three.Twoyearslater,hedecidedtoleaveschoolandbecomeaprofessionalmusician.Forthenextfouryears,heworkedmainlyinKansasCity,Missouri,wherejazzmusichadbecomepopular.Charl
5、iedevelopedasamusicianbyplayingwithdifferentgroupsinpubliceatinganddrinkingplacescallednightclubs.Healsolearnedbylisteningtoolderlocaljazzmusicians.Duringthistime,Charliedevelopedseriousproblemsthatweretoaffecthimtherestofhislife.Hebecamedependentonalcoholandtheillegaldrug,heroin.VOICEONE:Onenightin
6、nineteenthirty-six,theyoungmusiciandecidedtotakepartinajamsession.MusiciansfromalloverKansasCitywouldplayforfunduringtheseunplannedperformances.Thesejamsessionsoftenbecamemusicalbattles.Thebetter,thefaster,thestronger,themorecreativemusicianwouldwin.Charliebegantoplaythesaxophonethatnight.Heplayedwe
7、llforawhile.Buthethenbecamelostinthemusic.ThedrummerthrewdownhisinstrumentandbroughtCharlietoahalt.Charlielatersaid:Iwenthomeandcriedanddidntplayagainforthreemonths,Theincident,however,madeCharlieworkevenhardertoimprovehisplaying.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-nine,CharliewenttoNewYorkCity.Hestayedforalm
8、ostoneyear.Hewasabletogetafewpayingjobsplayingthesaxophone.Mostofhistime,though,wasspentplayinginunpaidjamsessions.Itwasduringthistimethathebegantodevelophisownstyleofjazz.Hesaidlaterthatthiswaswhenhemadeabigdiscovery.Hewasunhappyplayingsongsthesamewayallthetime.Hethoughttherehadtobeanotherwaytoplay
9、.Hesaid:Icouldhearitsometimes,butIcouldntplayit.HebeganworkingonthesongCherokee.Heusedthehighernotesofachordasamelodylineandmadeotherchanges.Henowcouldplaythethingshehadbeenhearing.ItwasinDecember,nineteenthirty-nine,thatCharlieParkermadethisdiscovery.Helatersaidthatwithit,hecamealive.Hereheisplayin
10、gCherokee:(MUSIC)VOICEONE:CharlieParkersnamefirstappearedinthepressreportsaboutmusicinnineteenforty.Duringthenextfiveyears,hejoineddifferentbands.HeplayedwiththeEarlHinesorchestraandtheBillyEckstineorchestra.Healsoplayedwithotheryoungjazzmusicianswhohelpedmakethenewsoundknown.TrumpetplayersDizzyGill
11、espieandMilesDavis,andpianistsTheloniusMonkandBudPowellweresomeofthem.Parkerwasconsideredthegreatestofthebebopjazzmusicians.Thissong,NowstheTime/isoneofhishitsduringthistime:(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Parkerscontinuingdrughabitwasaffectinghim.Heoftenwaslateforperformances.Orhemissedthem.Hehaddecidedhedidnotlik
12、ethemusicofthebigbands.Heapparentlydidnotfeelateaseplayingwithabigband,evenonethatfollowedhisownmusicalideas.Innineteenforty-five,hereturnedtoNewYorkCity.Hehadtheideaofstartingasmalljazzgroup.InNewYork,hejoinedDizzyGillespie.TheirworktogetherwasamongthegreatestinAmericanmusichistory.Theyenjoyedthesu
13、pportofyoungermusicians.Yet,theyhadtofightthecriticismofthoseopposedtoanynewdevelopmentinjazz.Thatyear,CharlieParkerandDizzyGillespietookthenewjazzsoundtoCalifornia.CharliecontinuedtorecordandperforminLosAngeles,evenafterDizzyreturnedtoNewYork.ItwasduringthistimethatParkerrecordedOrnithology:(MUSIC)
14、VOICEONE:Innineteenforty-six,CharlieParkersufferedanervousbreakdown.Hisdependenceonheroinandalcoholledtothisseverementalcondition.Hewassenttoahospitalandstayedthereforsixmonths.HereturnedtoNewYorkCityinnineteenforty-seven.Thefollowingfouryearsareconsideredhismostsuccessful.Heformedhisownsmallbandsan
15、dplayedwithothergroups.HevisitedEuropethreetimes,whereherecordedabouthalfofthealbumsheevermade.InJuly,nineteenfifty-one,NewYorkCityofficialstookawayhisrighttoplayinnightclubsbecauseheusedillegaldrugs.Hisdebtsgreatlyincreased.Hisphysicalandmentalhealthbegantofail.VOICETWO:CharlieParkerwasgivenapermit
16、toplayinNewYorkagaintwoyearslater.Jobszthough,weredifficulttofind.HefinallygotachancetoplayfortwonightsinMarch,nineteenfifty-five.ItwasatBirdland,themostfamousjazznightclubinNewYorkCity.Birdlandhadopenedinnineteenforty-nine.ItwasnamedafterBird/asCharlieParkersfollowerscalledhim.Parkerknewthoseperformancesmightbehislastchancetore-claimthesuccesshehadgainedonlyafewyears
