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1、美国总统9约翰泰勒JohnTyler:UnexpectedVOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.Todaywearetalkingaboutavicepresident.JohnTylerwasWilliamHenryHarrisonspartnerontheticketinthe1840election;hewastheTylerofthecampaignsloganTippecanoeandTylerztoo.Butonlyonemonthintohistermaspresident,Harrisonunexpectedlydied.He
2、wasthefirstU.S.presidenttodieinoffice.Today,Americansacceptthatwhenthathappens,thevicepresidentbecomesthepresident.Butin1841znoonereallyknewwhattodo.SopeopleturnedtotheConstitution.Itsaidifthepresidentisremovedfromoffice,orifhedies,resigns,orisnotabletoperformhisduties,hispowerandresponsibilityisgiv
3、entothevicepresident.Butthemeaningofthosewordswasunclear.Didthevicepresidentreallybecomethepresident,ordidthevicepresidentjustactlikethepresident?TheConstitutionmaynothavebeenclear,butJohnTylerwas.HeclaimedthatzafterHarrisonsdeath,hereallywasthepresident.Tylermadesurehewasquicklysworn-in.Heansweredo
4、nlytothetitlepresident.HeevenrefusedtoopenlettersthatweresenttoActingPresidentTyler.Eventually,AmericansacceptedJohnTylerwasthenationsIOthpresident.ButsomeAmericanswerenothappyaboutthatfact.Duringhispresidency,allbutoneofTylerscabinetadvisorsresigned,andmembersofhisownpartytriedtoimpeachhim.Earlylif
5、eTylerwasfromthesouthernstateofVirginia,hometofiveearlierU.S.presidents.Likemanyoftheleadersbeforehim,hewasalawyerfromanupperclassfamilywhoownedslaves.Hestronglysupportedthepowerofthestatesagainstthefederalgovernment,expansionofslavery,andrulebyasmall,elitegroup.ButtheUnitedStateswasstartingtochange
6、.Forexample,PresidentJohnQuincyAdamshadproposedcreatinganationalsystemofroads.TheMissouriCompromiseof1820limitedslaveryinnewstatesinthenorthwest.Andinthe1830szmanywhitemenwhodidnotownpropertyearnedtherighttovote.Inotherwords,theU.S.wasbecomingmorenational,abolitionist,andequal.Tylerresistedthesechan
7、ges.HefoughtagainstthemasamemberoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives,agovernorofVirginia,andasenator.HisfightreachedacrisisduringthepresidencyOfAndrewJackson.Thetwomenbelongedtothesameparty,theDemocraticParty.HoweverzTylerhatedJacksonspopulistpoliciesanduseofpresidentialpowersagainstthestates.Inthemiddle
8、ofthe1830szTylerjoinedwithseveralotherpoliticalleaderstocreateanew,anti-Jacksonparty.TheywerecalledtheWhigs.PresidencyThenewWhigpartybadlywantedtowinthe1840presidentialelectionagainstJacksonsrighthandman,MartinVanBuren.TheyproposedJohnTylerasthepartysvicepresidentialcandidatebecausetheyhopedhewoulda
9、ppealtosouthernvoters.TheWhigssucceeded.TylerandHarrisonwontheelection.Thenewpartyexpectedthattheywouldbeabletoachievemanyoftheirpolicygoals.ButthenHarrisondied,andTylerunexpectedlybecamepresident.TylerkeptHarrisonscabinetoftopadvisers.Buthedidnotaccepttheiradvice.Whiglawmakerspresentedbillafterbill
10、toTyler,buthefailedtosupportthemeasures.Hebelievedtheygavetoomuchpowertothefederalgovernmentoverthestates.Inanger,allbutoneofTylerscabinetmembersresigned.ThenWhigleadersofficiallydeclaredthatTylerwasnolongerpartoftheirgroup.Thefollowingyeartheyevenmovedtoimpeachhim.Hebecameknownasapresidentwithoutap
11、arty.Tylerwasabletoachieveonemajorpoliticalact,however.Threedaysbeforeheleftoffice,hesignedthelawthatmadeTexasastate.Perhapswisely,Tylerwithdrewfromthenextpresidentialelection.Heeventuallywithdrewevenhissupportforthefederalgovernment.HebecamealeaderinthemovementforSouthernsecession.Inotherwords,hebe
12、lievedtheSouthernstateshadtherighttoseparatefromtheNorthandleavetheUnion.Intime,theseparationbetweentheSouthandNorthwouldleadtotheCivilWar.FamilyTylerwasanunusualpresident.Hetookofficeinanunusualway,andhetooktheunusualstepofvetoinglegislativeactionproposedbyhisownparty.Hisfamilylifehasotherunusualde
13、tails.Tylerwasthefirstpresidenttogetmarriedwhileinoffice.Hewasthepresidentwiththemostchildren.Andtwoofhisgrandchildrenremainedaliveuntilwellintothe21stcentury.In1844zTylermarriedJuliaGardiner.Shewashissecondwife.Hisfirstwife,Letitiazhaddiedtwoyearsearlier.JohnandLetitiaTylerhadeightchildrentogether.
14、SinceJuliaGardinerTyIerwas24yearsold30yearsyoungerthanhernewhusband-thetwohadplentyoftimetohaveanothersevenchildren.And,becauseoneOftheirsonshadchildreninthe1920sztwoofTylersgrandchildrenarestillaliveasofearly2017.1.egacyTylerisnotrememberedasagoodpresident.Butheisrememberedforestablishingaprecedent
15、-awayofdoingsomethingthatotherpeoplehavefollowed.TheTylerprecedentpermittedthepeacefuloftransferofpowerfrompresidenttovicepresidentin1841.Anditeasedthetransitionafterotherpresidentshavediedsincethen.In1967,theConstitutionwasevenchangedtoclarifywhatTylerhadclaimedallalong:whenthepresidentdies,thevice
16、presidentbecomesthenewchiefexecutive.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStoryslogan-n.awordorphrasethatiseasytorememberandisusedbyagrouporbusinesstoattractattentionelite-n.thepeoplewhohavethemostwealthandstatusinasocietyabolitionist-n.apersonwhowantstostoporabolishslaveryachieve-v.togetorreach(something)byworkinghard
