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1、美国名人电影导演、编剧、制片人比利怀尔德B川yWilder,1906-2002:HeMadeMoviesThatPeopleWillNeverForgetplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:48repeatByJeriIynWatson2007-3-3VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.TodaywetellaboutBillyWilder.HewasthedirectorofsomeofthegreatestAmer
2、icanmovies.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ManyexpertssaythatBillyWilderchangedthehistoryofAmericanmovies.HeisoftencalledthebestmoviemakerHollywoodhaseverhad.Hewasknownformakingmoviesthatofferedsharpsocialcommentandadultsexualsituations.Wilderwasoneofthefirstdirectorstodothis.Betweenthemiddlenineteenthirtiesandthen
3、ineteeneighties,BillyWildermadealmostfiftymovies.DuringthattimehereceivedmorethantwentynominationsfromtheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciences.HewonsixoftheOscarawards.Hismovieshavebeenseenbypeoplearoundtheworld.WildermadefamousmovieslikeSunsetBoulevard,SomeLikeItHot,andDoubleIndemnity.Healsodirecte
4、dTheLostWeekend,TheApartment,andTheSevenYearItch.VOICETWO:SamuelWilderwasborninnineteen-oh-sixintheformerAustro-HungarianEmpire.HisbirthplaceisnowpartofPoland.HismotherhadenjoyedspendingseveralyearsintheUnitedStateswhenshewasyoung.SoshecalledhimBillybecauseshethoughtitsoundedAmerican.BillyWilderstar
5、tedlawschoolinVienna,Austria.Thenhedecidednottobecomealawyer.Instead,hebeganreportingforaViennanewspaper.Bythenineteentwenties,hewaswritingmoviesinGermany.However;theNazishadrisentopowerinthenation.WilderwasJewish,andherecognizedthathehadnofutureinNaziGermany.Innineteenthirty-three,hewenttoParis.The
6、rehedirectedamovieforthefirsttime.ItwascalledTheBadSeed.ThenhereceivedwordthatproducersintheUnitedStateshadacceptedoneofhisscripts.BillyWilderleftEuropeforAmerica.VOICEONE:BillyWilderhadonlyelevendollarswhenhearrivedtosettleintheUnitedStatesinnineteenthirty-four.HedecidedtoliveinthecenterofAmericanm
7、oviemaking,Hollywood,California.Atthetime,manypeoplewhohadleftGermanywereworkingthere.TheyhelpedWildergetjobs.AfterawhileheformedawritingteamwithCharlesBrackett.Thetwowriterscreatedmanyfilmstogether.WilderandBrackettwroteseveralsuccessfulmovies.Onewasthenineteenthirty-ninemovie,Ninotchka,starringGre
8、taGarbo.ErnstLubitschdirectedthefilm.Wilderalwayspraisedthismanasafriendandteacherwhosehumorandexpertdirectiongreatlyinfluencedhiswork.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inhislovestories,BillyWilderdidnotfollowtheHollywoodtraditionofsweetboy-meets-girlsituations.Hehadanunusualwayofshowingrelationsbetweenmenandwomen.Fo
9、rexample,oneofhismostsuccessfulfilmswasHoldBacktheDawn.TheFrenchactorCharlesBoyerplaysarefugeeinthisnineteenforty-onefilm.HemarriesanAmericanwomansohecanentertheUnitedStates.Innineteenforty-four;BillyWildermadeafilmcalledDoubleIndemnity.SomecriticssaidthismovieestablishedhimasoneofthegreatestHollywo
10、oddirectors.Ittoldaviciousstoryaboutamarriedwomanandherboyfriend.Theyplotthedeathofherhusband.CharlesBrackettthoughtthestorywasnotmoral.SothefamousAmericanmysterywriterRaymondChandlerwasaskedtohelpwritethescript.VOICEONE:Asadirector,BillyWilderoftenviolatedHollywoodcustomsaboutsocialissues.Forexampl
11、e,someonewhodrinkstoomuchalcoholhadrarelybeenamoviesubject.ThenWilderdirectedTheLostWeekendinnineteenforty-five.CharlesBrackettreturnedtoworkonthemoviewithhim.TheydevelopedthescriptfromabookbyCharlesJackson.RayMillandplaysthepartofanalcoholicwriterinthemovie.Itshowsthatalcoholruleshislife,yethedoesn
12、otadmitit.Hehidesalcoholinhishomeandsaysheisnotdrinking.VOICETWO:Reportsatthetimesaidmanufacturersofalcoholicdrinkstriedtosuppressthemovie.Theydidnotsucceed.ThepublicandcriticspraisedTheLostWeekendforitspainfulhonesty.TheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesgaveRayMillandthebestactoraward.BillyWilde
13、rwontwoAcademyAwards.Onehonoredhispartinwritingthescript.Theotherhonoredhisdirection.TheLostWeekendalsowonthefirstGrandPrix-firstprize-oftheCannesFilmFestivalinCannes,France.WorldWarTwoendedinnineteenforty-five.WilderhadbecomeanAmericancitizeninnineteenthirty-nine.Afterthewar,WilderwasaskedbytheUnit
14、edStatesArmytogotoGermanytohelpre-organizethemovieindustryandradiomedia.TheNazigovernmenthadusedbothforitspropaganda.WhileinGermany;WilderlearnedthattheNazishadmurderedhissister,hismotherandhismothershusband.VOICEONE:Innineteenfifty,WildermadeSunsetBoulevard.Thismovietoldofanagingactressinsilentmovi
15、es.Sheplanstoreturntomovies.GloriaSwansonplayedthisstar.Morethanfiftyyearslater,movie-loverscanstillrepeatsomeofherlines.InoneofthefamouslinesinSunsetBoulevard/MizSwansonrememberstellingthefamousdirectorCecilB.DeMillethatsheispreparedforhimtostartfilming:(GLORIASWANSON:Tmreadyformyclose-upzMisterDeM
16、ille.)VOICETWO:SunsetBoulevardwonthreeAcademyawards.OnehonoredthewritingteamofWilder;BrackettandD.M.MarshmanJunior.ThemoviemarkedthelasttimeBillyWilderandCharlesBrackettwrotetogether.WilderalsowashighlypraisedforStalagSeventeen,whichhebothproducedanddirected.Themoviemixeshumorandwartimerealism.WilliamHoldenplaysadishonestAmericanwarprisonerinaWorldWarTwoGermancampforAlliedse
