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1、美国名人女爵士歌手及作曲家比莉霍利德BillieHoliday,1915-1959:TheLadySangtheBluesplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:38repeatByShelleyGollust2007-3-24VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Thisweek,wete
2、llaboutBillieHoliday.ShewasoneofthegreatestjazzsingersinAmerica.(MUSIC:GodBlesstheChild)VOICEONE:ThatwasBillieHolidaysingingoneofherfamoussongs.SheandArthurHerzogwroteit.BillieHolidayslifewasamixtureofsuccessandtragedy.Hersingingexpressedherexperiencesandherfeelings.VOICETWO:BillieHolidaywasbornElea
3、noraFaganinnineteenfifteeninBaltimore,Maryland.HerparentswereSadieFaganandClarenceHoliday.Theywereyoungwhentheirdaughterwasborn.TheirmarriagefailedbecauseClarenceHolidaywasnotathomemuch.Hetraveledasamusicianwithsomeoftheearliestjazzbands.SadieFagancleanedpeopleshouses.Butshecouldnotsupportherfamilyo
4、nthemoneysheearned.SoshemovedtoNewYorkCitywherethepaywashigher.SheleftherdaughterinBaltimorewithmembersofherfamily.VOICEONE:TheyounggirlEleanoraFaganchangedhernametoBillie,becauseshelikedamoviestar,BillieDove.BillieHolidaylovedtosing.Shesangandlistenedtomusicwhenevershecould.Oneplacenearherhomehadam
5、achinethatplayedrecords.Thebuildingwasabrothelwherewomenwhowereprostituteshadsexwithmenformoney.BilliecleanedfloorsanddidOtherjobsfortheprostitutessoshecouldlistentotherecords.ItwastherethatyoungBilliefirstheardtherecordsoffamousblackAmericanbluesartistsofthenineteentwenties.SheheardBessieSmithsingt
6、heblues.AndsheheardLouisArmstrongplaythehorn.Bothmusicianshadagreatinfluenceonher.VOICETWO:BillieHolidayoncesaid:Idonotthinkmsinging.IfeellikeIamplayingahorn.WhatcomesoutiswhatIfeel.Ihatestraightsinging.Ihavetochangeatunetomyownwayofdoingit.ThatisallIknow.HereisBillieHolidaysingingapopularsongoftheN
7、ineteenthirties,MoreThanYouKnow.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:BillieHolidayhadatragicchildhood.Whenshewasten,amansexuallyattackedher.Shewasaccusedofcausingthemantoattackherandsenttoaprisonforchildren.Innineteentwenty-seven,BilliejoinedhermotherinHarlemztheareaofNewYorkCitywhereAfrican-Americanslived.Billiesmother
8、mistakenlysenthertoliveinabrothel.Billiebecameaprostituteattheageofthirteen.Oneday,sherefusedthesexualdemandsofaman.Shewasarrestedandspentfourmonthsinprison.VOICETWO:Twoyearslater,Billiesmotherbecamesickandcouldnotwork.Fifteen-year-oldBillietriedtofindajob.Finally,shewasgivenajobsingingataplaceinHar
9、lemwherepeoplewentatnighttodrinkalcoholandlistentomusic.Forthenextseventeenyears,HolidaywasoneofthemostpopularnightclubsingersinNewYork.Shealwaysworealongwhiteeveningdress.Andsheworelargewhiteflowersinherblackhair.ShecalledherselfLadyDay.VOICEONE:Intheearlynineteenthirties,amusicproducer,JohnHammond
10、,heardBillieHolidaysinginanightclub.Hecalledherthebestjazzsingerhehadeverheard.Hebroughtfamouspeopletohearhersing.HammondproducedHolidaysfirstrecords.Hegotthebestjazzmusicianstoplay.TheyincludedBennyGoodmanonclarinet,TeddyWilsononpiano,RoyEldridgeontrumpetandBenWebsteronsaxophone.Theyrecordedmanyfam
11、oussongswithBillieHoliday.IWishedontheMoonisoneofthem.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Inthelatenineteenthirties,BillyHolidaysangwithArtieShawsbandasittraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.Shewasoneofthefirstblacksingerstoperformwithawhiteband.ButracialseparationlawsinAmericamadetraveldifficultforher.Duringthistime,anewnigh
12、tclubopenedintheareaofNewYorkcalledGreenwichVillage.Itwasthefirstclubthathadbothblackandwhiteperformers.Anditwelcomedbothblackandwhitepeopletoheartheperformers.ThenightclubwascalledCafeSociety.ItwasherethatBillyHolidayfirstsangasongcalledStrangeFruit.AschoolteachernamedLewisAllanhadwrittenitforher.T
13、hesongwasaboutinjusticeandoppressionofblackpeopleinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Ittoldabouthowmobsofwhitemenhadkilledblackmenbyhangingthemfromtrees.Manypeopleobjectedtothesong.Itwasunlikeanyotherpopularsong.Butitwasahugehit.HereisBillieHolidaysingingStrangeFruit.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inthenineteenfort
14、ies,Holidaystartedusingtheillegaldrugheroin.Soonherbodyneededmoreandmoreofthedrug.Itbegantoaffectherhealth.Innineteenforty-seven,BillieHolidaywasarrestedforpossessingillegaldrugs.Shewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtoninemonthsinprison.Whenshewasreleased,NewYorkCityofficialsrefusedtogiveheradocumentthatper
15、mittedhertoworkinanyplacethatservedalcoholicdrinks.ThismeantHolidaynolongercouldsinginnightclubsandjazzclubs.Shecouldsingonlyintheatersandconcerthalls.Tendaysafterherreleasefromjail,sheperformedatNewYorksfamousCarnegieHall.Peoplefilledtheplacetohearhersing.Thisisoneofthesongsshesangatthatconcert.Iti
16、scalledICovertheWaterfront.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteenfifty-six,BillieHolidaywroteabookaboutherlife.ThebookwascalledLadySingstheBlues.AfriendattheNewYorkPostnewspaper,WilliamDufty,helpedherwritethebook.Afewmonthslater,shewasarrestedagainforpossessingillegaldrugs.Butinsteadofgoingtoprison,shewaspermittedtoseektreatmenttoendherdependenceondrugs.Thetreatmentwassuccessful.Thats
