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1、美国名人记者娜丽布莱NellieBly:NewspaperReporterUsedUnusualMethodstoInvestigateandWriteAboutIllegalActivitiesinNYCplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:56repeatByNancySteinbach2007-8-25VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Everyweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinth
2、ehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutareporterofmorethanonehundredyearsago.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Theyearwaseighteeneighty-seven.TheplacewasNewYorkCity.Ayoungwoman,ElizabethCochrane,wantedajobatalargenewspaper.Theeditoragreed,ifshewouldinvestigateahospitalforpeoplewhowerementallysickandthenwriteabout
3、it.ElizabethCochranedecidedtobecomeapatientinthehospitalherself.SheusedthenameNellieBrownsonoonewoulddiscoverherorherpurpose.NewspaperOffiCialSsaidtheywouldgetherreleasedafterawhile.Toprepare,Nellieputonoldclothesandstoppedwashing.Shewenttoatemporaryhomeforwomen.Sheactedasifshehadseverementalproblem
4、s.Shecriedandscreamedandstayedawakeallnight.Thepolicewerecalled.Shewasexaminedbydoctors.Mostsaidshewasinsane.VOICETWO:NellieBrownwastakentothementalhospital.Itwasdirty.Wastematerialwasleftoutsidetheeatingroom.Bugsranacrossthetables.Thefoodwasterrible:hardbreadandgray-coloredmeat.Nursesbathedthepatie
5、ntsincoldwaterandgavethemonlyathinpieceofclothtoweartobed.Duringtheday,thepatientsdidnothingbutsitquietly.Theyhadtotalkinquietvoices.YetzNelliegottoknowsomeofthem.Somewerewomenwhosefamilieshadputtheminthehospitalbecausetheyhadbeentoosicktowork.Somewerewomenwhohadappearedinsanebecausetheyweresickwith
6、fever.Nowtheywerewellzbuttheycouldnotgetout.Nellierecognizedthatthedoctorsandnurseshadnointerestinthepatientsmentalhealth.Theywerepaidtokeepthepatientsinakindofjail.Nelliestayedinthehospitalfortendays.Thenalawyerfromthenewspapergotherreleased.VOICEONE:Fivedayslater,thestoryofElizabethCochranesexperi
7、enceinthehospitalappearedintheNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Readerswereshocked.Theywrotetoofficialsofthecityandthehospitalprotestingtheconditionsandpatienttreatment.Aninvestigationledtochangesatthehospital.ElizabethCochranehadmadeadifferenceinthelivesofthepeoplethere.Shemadeadifferenceinherownlifetoo.Shegot
8、herjobattheNewYorkWorld.Andshewroteabookaboutherexperienceatthehospital.ShedidnotwriteitasNellieBrownzhowever;orasElizabethCochrane.Shewroteitunderthenamethatalwaysappearedonhernewspaperstories:NellieBly.VOICETWO:ThechildwhowouldgrowuptobecomeNellieBlywasbornduringtheCivilWar,ineighteensixty-four;in
9、westernPennsylvania.HerfamilycalledherPink.Herfatherwasajudge.Hediedwhenshewassixyearsold.Hermothermarriedagain.Buthernewhusbanddranktoomuchalcoholandbeather.Shegotadivorceineighteenseventy-nine,whenPinkwasfifteenyearsold.Pinkdecidedtolearntosupportherselfsoshewouldneverneedaman.Pink,hermother,broth
10、ersandsistersmovedtoatownnearthecityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Pinkworkedatdifferentjobsbutcouldnotfindagoodone.Oneday,shereadsomethinginthePittsburghDispatchnewspaper.Theeditorofthepaper;ErasmusWilson,wrotethatitwaswrongforwomentogetjobs.Hesaidmenshouldhavethem.Pinkwrotethenewspapertodisagree.Shesai
11、dshehadbeenlookingforagoodjobforaboutfouryears,asshehadnofatherorhusbandtosupporther.ShesigneditOrphanGirl.VOICEONE:Theeditorsofthedispatchlikedherletter.TheyputanoteinthepaperaskingOrphanGirltovisit.Pinkdid.MisterWilsonofferedherajob.Hesaidshecouldnotsignherstorieswithherrealname,becausenowomanwrit
12、erdidthat.Heaskednewswritersforsuggestions.OnewasNellieBly,thenameofagirlinapopularsong.SoPinkbecameNellieBly.Forninemonths,shewrotestoriesofinteresttowomen.Thensheleftthenewspaperbecauseshewasnotpermittedtowritewhatshewanted.ShewenttoMexicotofindexcitement.Shestayedtheresixmonths,sendingstoriestoth
13、eDispatchtobepublished.SoonaftershereturnedtothePittsburghDispatchzshedecidedtolookforanotherjob.NellieBlyleftforNewYorkCityandbeganherjobattheNewYorkWorld.VOICETWO:AsareporterfortheNewYorkWorld,NellieBlyinvestigatedandwroteaboutillegalactivitiesinthecity.Foronestory,sheactedasifshewasamotherwilling
14、tosellherbaby.Foranother;shepretendedtobeawomanwhocleanedhousessoshecouldreportaboutillegalactivitiesinemploymentagencies.Today,anewspaperreporterusuallydoesnotpretendtobesomeoneelsetogetinformationforastory.Mostnewspapersbansuchacts.ButinNellieBlysday,reportersusedanymethodtogetinformation,especial
15、lyiftheyweretryingtodiscoverpeopleguiltyofdoingsomethingwrong.NellieBlyssuccessatthislednewspaperstoemploymorewomen.Butshewasthemostpopularofthewomenwriters.HistoryexpertssayNellieBlywasspecialbecausesheincludedherownideasandfeelingsineverythingshewrote.Theysayherownvoiceseemedtospeakonthepage.Nelli
16、eBlysstoriesalwaysprovideddetaileddescriptions.Andherstoriesalwaystriedtoimprovesociety.CriticssaidNellieBlywasanexampleofwhatareportercando,eventoday.Shesaweverysituationasachancetomakearealdifferenceinotherpeopleslivesaswellasherown.VOICEONE:NellieBlymaybebestrememberedinhistoryforatripshetook.Intheeighteenseventies,FrenchwriterJulesVernewrotethebookAroundtheWorldinEightyDays.Ittoldofamansattemp
