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1、美国名人舞蹈家和编舞家玛莎葛兰姆MarthaGraham,1894-1991:TheMotherofModernDanceplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:32repeatByElizabethStern2008-8-2VOICEONE:l,mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndImBarbaraKleinwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.Today,weexplorethelifeofdancerandchoreographerMarthaGraham.Shecreatedalmosttwohundreddanc
2、epieces.SheisoftencalledtheMotherofModernDance.Herinfluenceontheworldofdancecontinuestoday.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarthaGrahamInthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,womenlikeIsadoraDuncanandRuthSaintDeniswantedtocreateanewformofdance.DuncanandSaintDenisfeltrestrictedbyballet.Moderndancewascreatedasarevoltagai
3、nstballet.MarthaGrahamwasoneofthemostfamousdancersandcreatorsofdance,calledchoreographers.ShebroughtmoderndancetoanewlevelofpopularityinAmericanculture.Shecreatedanewlanguageofmovementthatexpressedpowerfulemotions.Shestartedtraditionsthatarestillusedinmoderndancetoday.Theyincludeexpressivemovementso
4、fthebodytotelladramaticstoryzspecialmusic,lighting,stagedesignandcostumes.VOICETWO:MarthaGrahamwasborninthesmalltownofAllegheny,Pennsylvaniaineighteenninety-four.AfterMarthaturnedfourteenyearsold,herfamilymovedtoSantaBarbara,California.WhiletravelingacrosstheMidwest,Marthaenjoyedthewide,openspacesof
5、nature.ShealsoenjoyedthebeautifulflowersandplantsinCalifornia.Thefree,expressivemovementsofmoderndancewereclearlyinfluencedbythebeautyofnatureGrahamobserved.VOICEONE:Earlierinherlife,however,Marthadidnotknowthatshewouldbecomeadancer.Herfatherwasadoctorandherfamilywasveryreligious.Theyweremembersofth
6、eupperclassanddidnotacceptdanceasanartform.Still,innineteenten,Martha*sfathertookhertoseeadanceperformancebyRuthSaintDeniszoneofthefirstmoderndancersinAmerica.Marthawassixteenandshedecidedthenthatshewantedtobecomeadancer.VOICETWO:RuthSaintDenisandIsadoraDuncanwereatthecenterofattentioninmoderndance.
7、Theyestablishedsomeofthetraditionsweseetoday.Forexample,Duncanwasfamousforstartingthetraditionofnotwearingdanceshoeswhileperforming.SaintDeniswasfamousforcreatingdancesinfluencedbyothercultures.ShestudieddancefromcountriessuchasMexicoandEgypt,insteadoftheEuropeancountrieswhereballethadstarted.Martha
8、Grahamtookanimmediateinterestinthisnewartform.VOICEONE:MarthaSparents,however;didnotapproveofhersuddendesiretodance.Atthistime,peoplesawAmericandanceasalowerartform.Grahamchosetofollowherdreamofdancing,eventhoughshewasconsideredtoooldtobegindancing.Shewasinherearlytwentieswhenshebeganstudyingdancein
9、nineteensixteen.SheattendedtheschoolcreatedbyRuthSaintDenisandherhusband,TedShawninLosAngeles,California.AttheDenishawnDanceSchoolzGrahamworkedveryhardtoimproveherabilitytodance.Shetrainedherbodytobecomestrongenoughtomeetthedifficultdemandsofdance.SheperformedwiththeDenishawndancecompanyforseveralye
10、arsbeforemovingtoNewYorkCity.There,Grahamperformedinshowsbutshewantedtomakegreaterexperimentswithdance.VOICETWO:MarthaGrahamstartedteachingdanceattheEastmanSchoolofMusicinRochester,NewYork.LatershereturnedtoNewYorkCitytoteachatCarnegieHall.Shebegantochoreograph,orcreatethestepsofdances.Inordertoexpr
11、essherselffreely,shedecidedtoestablishherowndancecompanyandschool.Innineteentwenty-sixshestartedtheMarthaGrahamCenterofContemporaryDance.Sheenjoyedhavingherowncompanyofstudentstoperformherdances.GrahamproducedadancecalledHereticinnineteentwenty-nine.Sheworeallwhiteanddancedagainstawallofdancersweari
12、ngallblack.GrahambegantoworkwithmusiccomposerLouisHorst.Sheworkedwithhimuntilhediedinnineteensixty-four.Grahamoncesaidthat,withoutHorstzshewouldhavefeltlost.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-six,GrahamcreatedChronicle,oneofhermostimportantdances.ChroniclewasinfluencedbycurrenteventsincludingtheGreatDepressi
13、onandtheSpanishCivilWar.Thedanceexpressedsadnessandloneliness.Atthistime,showingstrongemotionsindancewasveryrare.GrahamalsocreateddancesbasedonancientGreektragicstoriesandfamousfemaleheroines.Atfirst,peopledidnotreactwelltoGraham*Sstyleofdancing.ItwasverydifferentfromEuropeanballet,whichwasmorecommo
14、nlyaccepted.Graham,Sdanceswerepowerful,withstrongandsharpmovements.Someofthemovementsinvolvedcontractingandreleasingpartsofthebody,usingthearmsindramaticmovementsandfallingtothefloor.Thesemovementsarestillusedinmoderndancetoday.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-eight,PresidentFranklinRoosevelt,Swife,Eleanor
15、Roosevelt,invitedMarthaGrahamtoperformattheWhiteHouse.ShecreatedadancecalledAmericanDocument.GrahamlaterdancedattheWhiteHouseforsevenotherpresidents.Innineteenforty-four,MarthaGrahamcreatedAppalachianSpring,oneofhermostfamousdances.IttellsthestoryofaweddingamongearlyAmericansettlers.AaronCoplandcomp
16、osedthismusicforAppalachianSpring.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MarthaGrahamwithBertramRossInnineteenfifty-one,GrahamwasamongthepeoplewhoestablishedthedanceprogramattheJuilliardSchoolinNewYorkCity.Itisstilloneofthebestartsschoolsinthecountry.Manyfamousartistshavebeguntheircareersbystudyingthere.Grahamcreatedherlargestdanceinnineteenfifty-eight.ShenameditClytemnestra/andusedmusicfromtheEgyptiancomposerHalimEl-Dabh.Grah
