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1、美国名人科学家亨利卢米斯HenryLoomisz1919-2008:DirectorofVOAHadtheIdeatoCreateSpecialEnglishplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:19repeatByDanaDemange2008-11-29VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndImBobDoughtywithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellabouttheresearchscientistandbroadcastingleaderHenryLoomis.Miste
2、rLoomisheldmanyinterestingcommunicationspositionsoverhislongcareer.HeservedasdirectoroftheVoiceofAmericaforsevenyearsstartinginnineteenfifty-eight.MisterLoomisplayedanimportantroleincreatingtheSpecialEnglishservice.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:HenryLoomiswasborninnineteennineteeninTuxedoPark,NewYork.Hisfatherwas
3、AlfredLeeLoomis,awealthyNewYorkCitybusinessman.Unlikemanybusinessmenatthetime,AlfredLoomisprotectedhiswealthduringthefinancialcrashofnineteentwenty-nine.Helaterwithdrewfromtheworldofbusinessinordertospendmoretimeworkingasascientist.HenryLoomisandhisbrothersLeeandFarneygrewupspendingtimeintheprivatel
4、aboratorytheirfatherbuilt.ThisscientificbackgroundandthepeoplewhoworkedwithhisfatherwouldhaveabiginfluenceonHenryslife.AlfredLoomistaughttraditionalvaluestohissonsandstressedtheimportanceofeducationandhardwork.VOICETWO:AlfredLoomisinvitedthetopscientistsintheworldtohisLoomisLaboratory,includingAlber
5、tEinstein,EnricoFermiandNielsBohr.AlfredLoomisandmembersofhislabteammadeimportantdiscoveriesandinventions.Theystudiedmanysubjects,includingthemeasurementoftime,orchronometry,andelectroencephalography,orthemeasurementofelectricalactivityproducedbythebrain.HenryLoomiseventookpartinhisfathersexperiment
6、sonmeasuringbrainactivity.VOICEONE:Inaninterviewsixyearsago,HenryLoomisrememberedanexperimenthetookpartinwhenhewasaboutseventeenyearsold.Henrysleptinasound-proofroomwithelectrodedevicesattachedtohishead.AlfredLoomiswasnearbywithamicrophonedevice.HetoldhissoninasoftvoicethatHenrysfavoriteobject,hisbo
7、at,wasonfire.HenryLoomisjumpedoutofbedtosavetheboat.ThisexperimentandothershelpedAlfredLoomisshowhowemotionalupsetcouldchangehumanbrainwaves.AlfredLoomislaterhelpedopentheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysRadiationLaboratory.HisworkhelpingtodevelopthenewtechnologyofradarwouldbeusedbytheUnitedStates
8、andBritaintodefeatGermanyduringWorldWarTwo.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:HenryStimsonwasrelatedtotheLoomisfamily.Hewasalsoanadvisorandclosefriend.Amongotherpositions,MisterStimsonhadservedassecretaryofstateunderPresidentHerbertHoover.HetoldHenryLoomisthatheandhisbrotherswereveryluckyinlifeandthattheyshouldserveth
9、eircountryasawaytogivethanks.HenryLoomistookthesewordsveryseriously.VOICEONE:Innineteenforty,HenryLoomisdroppedoutofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,MassachusettstojointheUnitedStatesNavy.Hewasabletoputtogoodusehisknowledgeofradartechnologythathehadlearnedaboutbecauseofhisfatherswork.Aftergraduatingatth
10、etopinhisnavaltrainingclass,HenryLoomisbecameateacherattheNavysradartrainingschoolinHawaii.InDecemberofnineteenforty-one,JapanbombedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor,Hawaii.ThiseventmarkedtheUnitedStatesofficialentryinWorldWarTwo.VOICETWO:Bytheendofthewar,HenryLoomishadreceivedmanyhonorsforhisservic
11、e,includingaBronzeStarandanAirMedal.HeIe代theNavyinnineteenforty-sixtobegingraduatestudies.Thatyear;hemarriedhisfirstwife,MaryPaulMacLeod.MisterLoomisstudiedphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.HeworkedasanassistanttoErnestLawrence,thedirectoroftheuniversitysradiationlaboratory.MisterLawrence
12、hadwontheNobelPrizeinnineteenthirty-nineforhisworkinnuclearphysics.HenryLoomisVOICEONE:HenryLoomislatermovedtoWashington,D.C.tobeginanotherstageofhiscareerinpublicservice.HeheldpositionsintheDepartmentofDefenseandotheragencies.MisterLoomisalsodirectedtheOfficeofIntelligenceandResearchattheUnitedStat
13、esInformationAgency.Innineteenfifty-eight,hebecamedirectoroftheVoiceofAmericaunderPresidentDwightD.Eisenhower.VOICETWO:Duringhistravelsaroundtheworld,MisterLoomissawthatEnglishwasbecominganimportantinternationallanguage.HebelievedthatitwasimportanttomakeEnglisheasiertounderstandbylistenersofVOAbroad
14、castswhosenativelanguagewasnotEnglish.SoMisterLoomisaskedVOAprogrammanagerBarryZorthiantodevelopawaytobroadcasttolistenerswithalimitedknowledgeofEnglish.VOICEONE:TheresultofthiseffortwasSpecialEnglish.ThefirstVoiceofAmericabroadcastinSpecialEnglishtookplaceonOctobernineteenth,nineteenfifty-nine.Crit
15、icsatthetimesaidtheSpecialEnglishmethodofbroadcastingataslowerratewithalimitedvocabularywouldneverwork.Americanembassiesdemandedthattheprogrambecancelled.ButMisterLoomissupportedtheprogram.Soon,VOAbegantoreceivehundredsoflettersfromlistenerspraisingtheprogram.SpecialEnglishprogramsbecamesomeofthemos
16、tpopularonVOA.Wearepleasedtosaythatourprogramsstillare.AnearlyVOAnewsroomVOICETWO:HenryLoomismadeotherimportantimprovementsatVOA.HeexpandedVOAsbroadcastingabilitybysettinguptransmitterdevicesincountriesincludingLiberiaandthePhilippines.HealsodecidedthatVOAneededacharterdocumenttomakeitsgoalsandrulesclear.SuchacharterwouldalsoofficiallystateVOAsindependencefromothergovernmentprograms.Thecharterstatesthat
