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1、专题02被动语态“被动语态是中考英语的重要考点之一,是动词继时态后的第二个大的考察方向。在2024年的中考中,这一部分内容的命题趋势可能会侧重考查题目被动语态的区分以及与各种时态的结合考察,同时也会涉及到语态的特殊用法。重点掌握被动语态的定义,转换结构,用法这三个方面的知识点。主要考查题型有单项选择、动词适当形式填空、翻译句子等题型。解答此类试题的关键,是要看清句中的主语和动词之间的关系,如果存在被动情况则可以使用被动语态,但是也有特殊的用法,比如说“主动形式表示被动含义,没有被动的动词或者动词短语”等特殊考点。在翻译句子和书面表达部分也常常考查到被动语态结构,尤其是写作中适当地使用被动句子可
2、以增加文章句式的丰富性和可读性。掌握好被动语态的考点对于中考基础题的拿分非常重要。考生需要在平时做题中进行考点的积累和运用。知识点1:被动语态的常规考点1)在含有使役动词(make,let,have)、感官动词(hear,see,watch,find,feel等)以及help的句子中,在主动语态中这些词后接动词原形(即省t。的动词不定式),在变成被动语态时,须将S补上。如I:Isawhimplayfootballontheplaygroundjustnow.HewasseentoDIayfootballontheplaygroundbyme.Agirlsawmywalletdropwhensh
3、epassedby.Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候。Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.这个老板让这小男孩干重活。2) teach,give,show,pass,buy,tell等后常接两个宾语,即双宾语:直接宾语(表物的)和间接宾语(表人的)。变成被动语态时,可以选取其中任一个做主语。但需要注意的是:如果选取直接宾语做主语时,那么间接宾语钱须加相应的介词for或to。如:Helen
4、showedmeaphoto.IwasshownaphotobyHelen.AphotowasshowntomebyHelen.Hegavemeabook.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.他给了我一本书。Heshowedmeaticket.Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.他给我展示了一张票。Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。3) 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan,tlaughathim.Heca
5、ntbelaughatbyus,我们不能嘲笑他。Helistenstotheradioeveryday.Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.他每天都收听广播。Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人。4)不定式在形容词后做状语时构成be+adj+todo结构时,不定式不用于被动语态。常见的形容词有easy,hard,difficult等。如:Thequestioniseasytoanswer.这个问题容易回答。5)不定式做后置定语时,
6、如果不定式的逻辑主语能在句中找到,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。反之,不能找到不定式的逻辑主语,不定式用被动语态。如:Ihavealotofhomeworktodothisevening.今晚我又许多家庭作业要做。知识点2:没有被动的动词及短语1)不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态,常见的动happen,叩pear,stay,breakout,takeplace,belongto,cometrue,comeout等。如:Thefamouswriter,snewbookwillcomeoutsoon.那位著名作家的新书马上就要出版了。Whatwillhappenin100years?一百年里会发生
7、什么事?Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.约65万年前恐龙灭绝。2)主语是感觉的对象,动词表示给人以什么样的感觉,如Smel1(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(摸起来),IoOk(看起来),somd(听起来)通常用作系动词,后面用形容词作表语,不用于被动语态。Thedishsmellsverydelicious.Thegirllooksveryhappynow.知识点3:主动形式表达被动含义1)表示事物的属性Thispenwriteswell.这支钢笔很好写。Thisnewbooksellswell.这本新书卖的很好。2)在r
8、equire,need,beworth(形容词)等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义,也可以用不定式被动语态。也就是“needdoing=ncedtobedone”如:Myoldbikeneedsrepairing.=Myoldbikeneedstoberequiredo我的旧自行车需要修一下。Themovieisworthwatching.这个电影值得观看。Theflowersrequirewatering,这些花需要浇水。知识点4:特殊结构表达被动含义1) makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己);Hespokelouderinordertomakehimsel
9、fheard.Heexplainedpatientlytomakehimselfunderstd.2) have/getsth.done(让人做某事或表示遭遇不幸)11havethebikerepairedinnotime.Ihadmywalletstolen/lostlastSundaywhenIwasshopping.Hegothislegbrokenwhenplayingfootball.Iboughtthesebooksatadiscountandhadtwohundreddollarssaved.重难通关练一、单项选择题1. (2023江苏连云港中考真题)5.Tomaketheenv
10、ironmentmuchbetter,moretreesnextyear.A.plantB.willplantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted1.(2023江苏苏州中考真题)Aftertheinterview,theastronautswere43(move)awayforhealthchecks.2. (2023江苏徐州中考真题)12.TheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecharacter.Itbypeopleofallages.A.islovedB.waslovedC.willloveD.isloving3. (2023江苏镇江中考真题
11、)9.WhenIwasapupil,someofmypocketmoneytobuycomicbooks.A.useB.isusedC.usedD.wasused4. (2023江苏扬州中考真题)12.Sandturnstoglasswhenitbylightning.A.hitsB.ishitC.ishittingD.willbehit5. (2022江苏徐州中考真题)13.1byaliensonmywayhometheotherday.Doyoubelieveme?A.haveattackedB.wasattackedC.wasattackingD.amattacked6. (2022江苏
12、无锡中考真题)12.UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,inEuropein1946afterWorldWarILA.setupB.wassetupC.tookupD.wastakenup7. (2022江苏盐城中考真题)10.SpudWebbatfirstbecauseofhisheight,buthedidn,tloseheart.A.refusesB.refusedC.wasrefusedD.willberefused8. (2022江苏扬州中考真题)13.Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean-upactivitylastSunda
13、y.一Yes,itbyourschoolgreenclubtoprotectforests.A.organizesB.organizedC.wasorganizedD.willbeorganized9. (2022江苏镇江中考真题)6.Ifsalongtime!Ican,trememberwhenthispictureinJinshanPark.A.wastakenB.takesC.istakenD.tk二、单词填空题1. (2023江苏扬州中考真题)50.TheartistsaretotellgoodChinesestoriesintheirfavoriteartforms.(encoura
14、ge)2. (2023江苏泰州中考真题)Universitystudents64(encourage)todomoreexerciseafterclass.Butsomejuststayintheclassroomalldaylong.3. (2023江苏无锡中考真题)47.ThisT-shirt(make)ofsilkanditfeelsverysmooth.4. (2023江苏南京中考真题)47.AllthedialogueinBaiju(speak)inNanjingdialect,easytounderstand,andfullofhumor.5. (2022江苏常州中考真题)Duri
15、ngholidays,groupsofyoungmuseumguides42(see)everywhereinChangzhouMuseum.6. (2022江苏连云港中考真题)Asurveywillnextweektoknowmoreaboutchildren,sdailyhabits.7. (2022江苏泰州中考真题)64.Jiangsuaulomatic(自动化)testoflisteningandspeaking(hold)inAprileveryyear.8. (2022江苏无锡中考真题)53.You(expect)tobemoreorganizedinhighschool.Soyoucankeepadiary.9. (2022江苏徐州中考真题)Attheendof(heparty,onthedinnertable,MrZhang,sdaughterlaidtwobigbowlsofnoodleswhich59(eat)upinaminutebythewholefamily.10. (2022江苏无锡中考真题)45.Mybrother,sflightwas(cancel)becauseofthebadweather.11