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1、美国名人歌手演员保罗罗伯逊1PaulRobeson,1898-1976:Singer,Actor,andCivilRightsActivistplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:14repeatByShelleyGollust2008-10-25VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutPaulRobeson.Hewasasinger;actor;andcivilrightsactivis
2、t.Inthenineteenthirties,hewasoneofthebestknownandmostwidelyhonoredblackAmericans.LaterinhislifehewascondemnedforsupportingcommunismandtheSovietUnion.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonPaulRobesonwasborninPrinceton,NewJerseyineighteenninety-eight.HisfatherwasaformerslavewhobecamethereligiousleaderofaProtesta
3、ntchurch.Paulwasanexcellentstudentandathlete.RutgersUniversityinNewJerseygavehimmoneysohecouldstudythere.HeplayedfourdifferentsportswhileatRutgers.Healsowasthetopstudentinhisclass.MembersofhisclassbelievedPaulRobesonwouldbecometheleaderofblackpeopleinAmerica.VOICETWO:PaulRobesongraduatedfromRutgersi
4、nnineteennineteen.HeattendedlawschoolatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.HewasonlythethirdblackpersontoattendColumbiaLawSchool.Ontheweekends,heearnedmoneybyplayingprofessionalfootball.Healsoactedinplays.HemarriedEslandaCordozaGoodewhilehewasinlawschool.Afterhegraduatedinnineteentwenty-three,hegotajobw
5、ithagroupoflawyersinNewYork.However,heleftwhenheexperiencedunfairtreatmentbecausehewasblack.Hedecidednottoworkasalawyer.Instead,hewantedtousehisabilityintheaterandmusictosupportAfricanAmericanhistoryandculture.VOICEONE:Robesonbecameaprofessionalactor.HejoinedtheProvincetownPlayers,anactinggrouplinke
6、dtoAmericanplaywrightEugeneONeill.RobesonwasthestarintwofamousproductionsbyEugeneONeillinthenineteentwenties.TheywereAllGodsChillunGotWingsandTheEmperorJones.Criticspraisedhisperformances.Robesonbecamethemostrecognizedblackactorofhistime.VOICETWO:PaulRobesonasOthelloInLondon,heearnedinternationalpra
7、iseforhisleadingpartinWilliamShakespearesgreattragicplaOthello.ThatwasinNineteenthirty.Thirteenyearslater;heplayedOthelloonBroadwayinNewYork.Itwasverypopular.InOthello,RobesonplayedanAfricangeneralinancientVenice.Heismarriedtoayoungwhitewoman.Othellokillshiswifeafterbeingtrickedintobelievingthatshel
8、ovessomeoneelse.ThisishowPaulRobesonsoundedinOthello.(SOUND:fromOthello)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonalsowasfamousforappearinginthepopularAmericanmusicalplayShowBoat.HeperformedtheplayinLondoninnineteentwenty-eightandonBroadwayfouryearslater.Heplayedariverboatworker.JeromeKernwrotethemusicforShowBoat.PaulRob
9、esonsangthesongOl,ManRiver.(MUSIC:Ol,ManRiver)VOICETWO:PaulRobesonappearedinelevenmoviesinthenineteentwentiesandnineteenthirties.However,herealizedthathisactingwaslimitedbythesmallnumberofpartsforblackactors.HecriticizedtheAmericanmovieindustryfornotshowingthereallivesofblackpeopleinAmerica.Hestoppe
10、dmakingmoviesanddecidedtosingprofessionallyinstead.Robesonsangmanykindsofmusic.Hesangfolkmusicfrommanycountries.Hesangsongstosupportthelaborandsocialmovementsofhistime.Hesangsongsforpeaceandjustice.And,hesangAfricanAmericanspiritualmusic.Oneofhisfamoussongswasthisspiritual,BalminGilead.(MUSICinBaImi
11、nGilead)VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwasrecognizedaroundtheworldforhisfightforcivilrightsforblackAmericans.SeparationofblackpeopleandwhitepeoplewaslegalintheUnitedStates.Blackpeopledidnothavethesamerightsaswhitepeople.Theywerenottreatedequally.Forexample,RobesoncouldnotbeservedinsomeeatingplacesintheUnitedSt
12、ates.Violenceagainstblackpeoplewascommon.Angrymobsofwhitessometimeskilledblackpeople,especiallyinthesouthernUnitedStates.VOICETWO:Inthelatenineteenthirties,PaulRobesonbecameinvolvedinnationalandinternationalmovementsthatsoughtpeaceandbetterlaborconditions.HealsosupportedindependenceforAfricancolonie
13、sfromtheirEuropeanrulers.Helearnedthelanguagesandfolksongsofothercultures.HesaidthesefolksongsexpressedthesamefeelingsthatwereinAfricanAmericanmusic.Helearnedtospeakzwriteandsinginmorethantwentylanguages.VOICEONE:RobesontraveledagreatdealinEuropeduringthenineteenthirties.Hefoundthatblackpeopleweretr
14、eatedbetterinEuropethanintheUnitedStates.Hemetmembersofliberalpoliticalorganizations,socialistsandAfricannationalists.Healsometmanyworkingpeopleandpoorpeople.Formanyyears,heperformedinconcertsinmanycountries.ThesongshesangsupportedthestruggleforracialjusticeforblackAmericans,andforcivilrightsandecon
15、omicjusticeforpeoplearoundtheworld.Herefusedtoperformatconcertswherethepeoplewereseparatedbyrace.Hesaid:Theideaofmyconcertsistosuggestthatallmenarebrothersbecauseoftheirmusic.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-four,PaulRobesonmadethefirstofmanytripstotheSovietUnion.IntheSovietUnion,hesaid,hewastreatedasanequ
16、alofwhitesforthefirsttimeinhislife.HedeclaredhisfriendshipfortheSovietUnion.Andhespokeabouttheneedforpeacefulco-existencebetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.ConservativegroupsintheUnitedStatesstronglyopposedhisfriendshipwiththeSovietUnionandhissupportforotherliberalissues.VOICEONE:PaulRobesonwenttoSpaininnineteenthirty-eightduringtheSpanishCivilWar.HesangforSpanishcivilians.An
