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1、美国名人首位非洲裔女飞行员贝西克莱门BessieColeman,1892-1926:SheDaredtoDreamandBecametheFirstAfricanAmericanFemalePilotplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:36repeatByVivianChakarian2008-10-18VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutBessieColeman,thefirstAfricanAmeri
2、canwomanpilot.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:BessieColemanBessieColemanwasborninAtlanta,Texas,ineighteenninety-two.HermotherwasAfricanAmerican.HerfatherwaspartAfricanAmericanandpartAmericanIndian.Herfamilywaspoor.Bessiehadtowalkmorethansixkilometerstogotoschool.Whenshewasnineyearsold,herfatherleftthefamilytosearch
3、inOklahomafortheterritoryofhisIndianancestors.InTexasthen,asinmostareasoftheAmericanSouth,blackpeopleweretreatedunfairly.Theylivedseparatelyfromwhitepeopleandestablishedtheirownreligious,businessandsocialtraditions.Bessiewasproudofherrace.Shelearnedthatfromherhard-workingandreligiousmother.VOICETWO:
4、Bessiehadtopickcottonandwashclothestohelpearnmoneyforherfamily.ShewasabletosavealittlemoneyandwenttocollegeinthestateofOklahoma.Shewasincollegeonlyoneyear.Shehadtoleavebecauseshedidnothaveenoughmoneytocompleteherstudies.Butduringthatyear,shelearnedaboutflying.ShereadaboutthefirstflightoftheWrightBro
5、thersandthefirstAmericanfemalepilot,HarrietQuimby.BessieoftenthoughtaboutwhatitwouldfeelHketoflylikeabird.VOICEONE:Whenshewastwenty-three,BessieColemanmovedtoChicago,Illinoistolivewithtwoofherolderbrothers.There,sheworkedatseveraljobs.Butshewantedtodosomethingmoreimportant.Sheheardstoriesfrompilotsw
6、howerereturningfromWorldWarOne.Shedecidedshewasgoingtolearnhowtoflyairplanes.Shesoonfoundthistobealmostimpossible.Whatflightschoolwouldadmitablackwoman?ShefoundthatapparentlytherewerenoneintheUnitedStates.BessielearnedthatshewouldhaveabetterchanceinEurope.ShebegantostudyFrenchatalanguageschoolinChic
7、ago.Shealsotookahigher-payingjobsupervisingapubliceatingplacesoshecouldsavemoney.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:SoonaftertheendofWorldWarOne,BessieColemanleftforFrance.Sheattendedthefamousflightschool,Ecoled,AviationdesFreresCaudronzinthetownofLeCrotoyinnorthernFrance.Shelearnedtoflyinaplanethathadtwosetsofwings,o
8、neovertheother.Shecompletedsevenmonthsofflighttraining.Colemanearnedherinternationalpermittoflyinnineteentwenty-onefromtheFederationAeronautiqueInternationaleinFrance.Shebecamethefirstblackwomanevertoearnaninternationalpilotslicense.VOICEONE:ColemanreturnedtoChicago.Shewastheonlyblackfemalepilotinth
9、eUnitedStates.SoherstorybecamepopularinAfricanAmericannewspapers.ShewasaskedbytheDallasExpressnewspaperinTexaswhyshewantedtofly.Shesaidthatwomenandblacksmusthavepilotsiftheyaretokeepupwiththetimes.Sheadded:Doyouknowyouhaveneverliveduntilyouhaveflown.Colemansoonlearnedthatitwasdifficultforanyonetoear
10、nenoughmoneyasapilottolive.Sheknewshewouldhavetoimproveherflyingskillsandlearntodomoretricksintheairifshewantedtosucceed.TherestillwasnoonewillingtoteachherinChicago.So,shereturnedtoEuropeinnineteentwenty-two.ShecompletedaboutfourmoremonthsofflighttrainingwithFrenchandGermanpilots.VOICETWO:Colemanre
11、turnedtoNewYorkwhereshegaveherfirstpublicflyingperformanceintheUnitedStates.Alargecrowdofpeoplegatheredtowatchher.Sherolledtheplane.Andshestoppedtheengineandthenstarteditagainjustbeforetheplanelanded.Thecrowdlovedherperformance.Sodidothercrowdsassheperformedintownsandcitiesacrossthecountry.BessieCol
12、emanhadprovedshecouldfly.Yetshewantedtodomore.ShehopedtoestablishaschoolforblackpilotsintheUnitedStates.Sheknewsheneededaplaneofherown.ShetraveledtoLosAngeleszCalifornia,whereshesoughtthesupportofacompanythatsoldtires.ThecompanyhelpedherbuyaCurtissJN-Fourairplane,commonlycalledaJenny.Inreturn,shewas
13、torepresentthecompanyatpublicevents.VOICEONE:BessieColemanorganizedanairshowinLosAngeles.ButtheJennysenginestoppedsoonaftertake-off,andtheplanecrashedtotheground.Colemansufferedabrokenlegandotherinjuries.Sheregrettedtheaccidentandfeltshehaddisappointedhersupporters.Shesentamessage:Tellthemallthatass
14、oonasIcanwalkmgoingtofly!ColemanreturnedtoChicagowhereshecontinuedherplantoopenaflyingschool.Shehadverylittlemoney;nojobandnoplane,yetsheopenedanofficeinChicago.Shesoonfounditwasimpossibletokeeptheofficeopenwithoutmorefinancialsupport.Soshedecidedtoreturntoflying.VOICETWO:Innineteentwenty-five,Bessi
15、eColemantraveledtoherhomestateofTexas.Theformercottonpickerandbeautytechniciannowwastheonlylicensedblackwomanpilotintheworld.ShecouldspeakFrench.Andshewasaninternationaltraveler.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Toearnmoney,BessieColemangavespeechesandshowedfilmsofherflights.Shedidthisinchurches,theatersandatlocalall
16、-blackpublicschools.Sheorganizedmoreairshows.Shesoonhadenoughmoneytopayforsomeofthecostofaplaneofherown,anotheroldCurtissJenny.ShecontinuedherspeechesandairshowsinthestateofGeorgia,theninFlorida.Shehopedtoearnenoughmoneytoopenherschool.InFlorida,ColemanmetEdwinBeeman,whosefatherwastheheadofahugechewinggumcompany.MisterBeemangaveherthemoneytomakethefinalpaymentonherplaneinDallas.Colemanmadeplanstohaveitflowntoh
