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1、IanizationEthicsandgovernanceofartificialintelligenceforhealthGuidanceonlargemulti-modalmodelsWorldHealthOiganizationEthicsandgovernanceofartificialintelligenceforhealthGuidanceonlargemulti-modalmodelsISBN978-92-4-008475-9(electronicversion)ISBN978-92-4-008476-6(printversion)WorldHealthOrganization2
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10、lreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbyWHOtoverifytheinformationcontainedinthispublication.However,thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshallWHObeliablefordamagesarisin
11、gfromitsuse.Graphicsdesign:JoannaSleigh(ETHZurich,Zurich,Switzerland)1.ayout:ImprimerieCentrale(1.uxembourg)ContentsAcknowledgementsvAbbreviationsviiExecutivesummaryviii1 Introduction11.1 Significanceof1.MMs31.2 WHOguidanceonethicsandgovernanceofAlforhealth4,Applications,challengesandrisksof1.MMs72
12、Applicationsandchallengesofuseof1.MMsinhealth82.1 Diagnosisandclinicalcare82.2 Patient-centredapplications122.3 Clericalfunctionsandadministrativetasks162.4 Medicalandnursingeducation172.5 Scientificandmedicalresearchanddrugdevelopment173 Riskstohealthsystemsandsocietyandethicalconcernsaboutuseof1.M
13、Ms203.1 Healthsystems203.2 Compliancewithregulatoryandlegalrequirements233.3 Societalconcernsandrisks24AEthicsandgovernanceof1.MMsinhealthcareandmedicine314 Designanddevelopmentofgeneral-purposefoundationmodels(1.MMs)344.1 Riskstobeaddressedduringthedevelopmentofgeneral-purposefoundationmodels(1.MMs
14、)344.2 Measuresdeveloperscantaketoaddressriskswithgeneral-purposefoundationmodels(1.MMs)354.3 Governmentlaws,policiesandpublicsectorinvestments394.4 Open-source1.MMs415 Provisionwithgeneral-purposefoundationmodels(1.MMs)455.1 Riskstobeaddressedwhenprovidingahealth-careserviceorapplicationwithagenera
15、l-purposefoundationmodel(1.MM)455.2 Measuresthatgovernmentscanintroducetoaddresssuchrisksandethicalprinciplesthatshouldbeupheld466 Deploymentwithgeneral-purposefoundationmodels(1.MMs)536.1 Riskstobeaddressedwhendeployingahealth-careserviceorapplicationwithageneral-purposefoundationmodel(1.MM)536.2 O
16、n-goingresponsibilitiesofdevelopersandprovidersduringdeployment546.3 Responsibilitiesofdeployers546.4 Governmentprogrammesandpractices557 1.iabilityfor1.MMs588 Internationalgovernanceof1.MMs60References62Annex.Methods77AcknowledgementsDevelopmentofthisWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)guidancewasledbyAndreasReis(co-leadofthe
