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1、PaUO1.nnValnsoosQ.2-qndPolicyResearchWorkingPaper10728PZOfnValnsoosQ.2-qnd1.ives,1.ivelihoods,and1.earningAGlobalPerspectiveontheWell-BeingImpactsoftheCOVID-19PandemicBenoitDecerfJedFriedwanArthurMeadesStevenPenningNishantYonan解/worldBankgroupDevelopmentResearchGroupDevelopmentDataGroupMarch2024()Re
2、producibleResearchRepositoryIAverifiedreproducilableathttp:/reproducibility.worldbank.org,clickherefordirectaccess.PolicyResearchWorkingPaper10728Abstract,hisstudycomparesthemagnitudeofnationallevellossesthattheCOVID-19pandemicinflictedacrossthreecriticaldimensions：lossoflife,lossofincome,andlossofa
3、rcexpressedinyearsoflifelost,whilethoseofincomelossesandschoolclosuresarcexpressedinadditionalyearsspentinpoverty(asmeasuredbynationalpovcrtlines),eithercurrentlyorinthefuture.While2020-21witnessedaglobaldropinlifeexpectancyandthelargestone-yearincreaseinglobalpoverty,inmanydecades,widespreadschoolc
4、losuresmaycausealmosttwiceaslargeanincreaseinfuturepoverty.,ITeestimatesofWeII-beinglossfortheaverageglobalcitizenincludealossofalmostthreeweeksoflife(19days),anadditionaltw。andhalfweeksspentinpovertyin2020and2021(17days),andthepossibilityofanadditionalmonthoflifeinpovertyinthefutureduetoschoolclosu
5、res(31days).Well-beinglossesarenotequitablydistributedacrosscountries.Thetypicalhigh-in-comccountrjrsufferedmoretotalyearsoflifelostthanadditionalyearsinpovertjr,whiletheoppositeholdsforthetrpicallow-ormiddle-incomecountry.AggregatingtotallossesrequiresthevaluationofayearoflifelostViS-IViSanaddition
6、alyearspentinpoverty.Ifayearoflifelostisvaluedatfiveorfeweradditionalyearsspentinpoverty,low-incomecountriessufferedgreatertotalwell-beinglossthanhigh-incomecountries.Forawiderangeofvaluations,thegreatestwell-beinglossesfellonupper-middle-incomecountriesandcountriesinthe1.atinmericaregion,lhissetofc
7、ountriessufferedthelargestmortalitycostsaswellaslargelossesinlearningandsharpincreasesinpoverty.,hispaperisaproductoftheDevelopmentResearchGroupandtheDevelopmentDataGroup,DevelopmentEconomics.ItispartofalargereffortbytheWorldBanktoprovideopenaccesstoitsresearchandmakeacontributiontodevelopmentpolicy
8、discussionsaroundtheworld.PolicjrResearchWorkingPapersarealsoPOStedwww.woddbank.org/prwp.Theauthorsmaybecontactedatbdcccrfworldbank.org.Averifiedrcproducibilitathttp:/rcproducibility.worldbank.org,clickherefordirectaccess.77vPoicfResearchWorkingPaperSeriesdisseminatesHKfindingojnfork.inprogresstoenc
9、ouragetbeexdwgeofideasaboutdexloprnentissues.An砥M加oftheseriesisto妒1m,findingoutquickly,evnifthepresentationsanksfthanfu!fypolished.Thefa)t,rscanythenawtsoftbeauthorsandshouldbecited(ccorditty.Thefinding,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisp(rareentirrlyt!wseoftbrauthors.Theydonotnectssarily
10、representIbet,iensoftheInternationa/BankforRerofislnictionandDevtloptnent/WorldBankanditsaffiliated。喏WMMZ/Ww,OrtbQSeoftheExecutiveDirectorsoftheWorldIiankortheemmentstheyrepresent.ProducedbyrheResearchSupportTeam1.ives,1.ivelihoods,and1.earning:AGlobalPerspectiveontheWell-BeingImpactsoftheCOVID-19Pa
11、ndemic1BenoitDecerf,JedFriedman,ArthurMendes,StevenPennings,NishantYonzanWethankAartKraayandDeonFilmerforhelpfulcomments,aswellasGuidoDamonteandMarikaVerulashviliforexcellentresearchassistance.ThisworkwassupportedbythewCovid-19zlives,livelihoodsandlearning*RSBgrantfromtheWorldBank.Wearegratefultothe
12、audienceatthe2023IPA/GRP1.methodsconferenceandtheInstituteofSocialScienceattheUniversityofTokyoforprovidinginsightfulcomments.NishantYonzangratefullyacknowledgesfinancialsupportfromtheUKGovernmentthroughtheDataandEvidenceforTacklingExtremePoverty(DEEP)ResearchProgram.Allerrorsremainourown.Thefinding
13、s,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthispaperareentirelythoseoftheauthorsandshouldnotbeattributedinanymannertotheWorldBank,toitsaffiliatedorganizations,ortomembersofitsBoardofExecutiveDirectorsorthecountriestheyrepresent.TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispaperandac
14、ceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.AllauthorsareaffiliatedtotheWorldBank.Correspondingauthor:bdecerfwOrIdbank.orJE1.codes:D63zI15z131,32l015Keywords:Covidzwelfare,poverty,mortality,learning1. IntroductionTheCOVID-19pandemiccausednotonlydramaticincreasesinmortalityinthetwoyearsfollowing
15、thedisease,semergence,butalsoseveredeclinesinincomeandsignificantinterruptionsinstudentlearning.Virtuallyallcountriessufferedlossesinthesedimensions,albeittovaryingdegreesdeterminedinpartbyinitialcountryconditions,post-outbreakpolicychoices,andthebehavioralresponsestosuchpolicies.Apotentialtrade-offbetweenlivesandlivelihoodswasrecognizedearlyinthepandemicperiodasvariouspapersinvestigatedtheeconomicconsequencesofCOVID-19controlpolicies(1.oayzaandPennings2020;Decerfetal.2021;Maetal.2022,Feindounoetal.2023).Thispapermeasures,throughaunifiedframework,theglobaldistributionofnetimpactsinducedbyt
