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1、美国名人剧作家阿瑟米勒ArthurMiller:1915-2005:OneoftheGreatestAmericanPlaywrightsofthe20thCenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:05repeatByJeriIynWatson2009-11-28VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutArthurMiller.Manytheatercriticsbelievehewasoneofthe
2、greatestAmericanplaywrightsofthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ArthurMillerSeveralplaysbyArthurMillerwillprobablybeperformedformanyyearstocome.ThatisbecausecriticssayMillerwasabletodramatizetheemotionalpainthataveragepeoplesufferintheirdailylives.AcriticoncedescribedMillerasanactivistforthecommonm
3、an.Hedemonstratesthiswellinoneofhismostfamousplays,DeathofaSalesman.Themaincharacterisamanwhosedreamsofsuccessinbusinesshavedied.ButMillersinterestintheaveragemandidnotstophimfromexploringmajorproblemsofsociety.InTheCrucible,forexample,heshowswhathappenswhenunreasonabledislikeandfearcausepeopletoacc
4、useinnocentpeopleofhorriblecrimes.Someotherofhisbest-knownplaysincludeAllMySons,AViewfromtheBridgeandAftertheFall.VOICETWO:ArthurMillerwasborninNewYorkCityinnineteenfifteen.HediedintwothousandfiveathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut.Forsixtyyears,hecreatedonedramaticworkafteranother.Millerwonmanyawardsfor
5、hisplays.AmongthemwereaPulitzerPrize,NewYorkDramaCriticsCircleprizesandTonyawards.Innineteeneighty-four;theJohnF.KennedyCenterforthePerformingArtsinWashington,D.C.honoredhimforhislifetimeworkindrama.Milleralsocreatedstoriesformovies.Forexample,hewroteTheMisfitsforactressMarilynMonroe.Millerstelevisi
6、ondrama,PlayingforTime,toldofanorchestraofprisonersattheNazideathcamp,Auschwitz,duringWorldWarTwo.Millerwasalsoapoliticalactivistforhumanrights.ButitwasdramaperformedinthetheaterthatMillerlovedmost.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ArthurMillergrewupinNewYork.Hisfather,IsidoreMiller;manufacturedclothingandoperatedast
7、ore.ButthefatherlosthismoneyinthegreateconomicDepressioninthenineteenthirties.ThefamilyhadtomovefromacostlyapartmentinManhattantoasmallhouseinBrooklyn.DuringtheDepression,Arthurworkedatmanyjobstoearnmoneyforcollege.Innineteenthirt-fouGhebeganstudyingEnglishattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Millerw
8、onanawardforwritingplayswhileatschool.VOICETWO:MillerreturnedhometoNewYorkaftercompletinghisstudies.Hemarriedhiscollegegirlfriend,MarySlattery.Theyhadtwochildrenbeforelaterendingtheirmarriage.Innineteenforty-four,ArthurMillersfirstmajorplaywasperformedonBroadway.ItwascalledTheManWhoHadAllthe1.uck.Ho
9、wever,theplaydidnotbringhimgoodluck.Ithadonlyfourperformances.ButhissecondBroadwayplay,AllMySons,wasamajorsuccessItwonseveralawardsinnineteenforty-seven.AllMySonstellsofamanufacturerwhoproducesfaultypartsforairplanesusedinWorldWarTwo.Oneofhissonsdiesastheresultofthefatherscrime.Intheplay,Millerexami
10、nestherelationshipbetweenthepressuretosucceedandpersonalresponsibility.VOICEONE:MillersgreatplayzDeathofaSalesman,openedonBroadwayinnineteenforty-nine.Hewasthirty-threeyearsoldwhenhewroteit.DeathofaSalesmanquestionsthepressuresinAmericansocietyforpeopletogainfinancialsuccess.Theplayalsocontinueshise
11、xplorationoftherelationshipsbetweenfathersandsons.ThecentralcharacterinDeathofaSalesmanissixty-year-oldWilly1.oman.TheactionopensonthelastdayofWillyslife.Hehasbeendismissedfromhisjobasatravelingsalesman.Healsorecognizesthathehasfailedasafather.Willythinksaboutkillinghimself.Willyswife1.indaunderstan
12、dsthatheisdeeplyanddangerouslysad.ButtheirsonBiffcriticizeshisfathersstrangeactions.SheanswerswithsomeofthemostfamouswordsintheAmericantheater:(SOUND)1.INDA:Idontsayhesagreatman.Willy1.omannevermadealotofmoney.Hisnamewasneverinthepapers.Buthesahumanbeing,andaterriblethingishappeningtohim.Soattention
13、mustbepaid.Hesnottobeallowedtofallintohisgravelikeanolddog.Attention,attentionmustbefinallypaidtosuchaperson.Youcalledhimcrazy.BIFF:Ididntmean.1.INDAihNozalotofpeoplethinkheslosthis-balance.Butyoudonthavetobeverysmarttoknowwhathistroubleis.Themanisexhausted.VOICETWO:1.indaknowsthatWillyisextremelyti
14、red.Heistiredofliving.Hekillshimselfbeforetheplayisover.1.indatalkstoWillyathisburialplace:(SOUND)IsearchandsearchandIsearch,andIcantunderstandit.Willy,Imadethelastpaymentonthehousetoday.Today,dear.Andtherellbenobodyhome.VOICEONE:DeathofaSalesmanhadabiginfluenceontheAmericanpublic.Manypeoplesawtheir
15、ownlivesinWilly1.omanzthevictimofbrokendreams.Americansdiscussedthefinancialworriesofbusinessmenwhoweregettingold.ButAmericanswerenottheonlyoneswhoidentifiedwiththeideasintheplay.Ithasbeentranslatedintoaboutthirtylanguagesandperformedaroundtheworld.VOICETWO:ArthurMillerscriticismsofmodernAmericanlif
16、einfluencedanotherofhismostimportantworks.TheCruciblewasfirstproducedinnineteenfifty-three.ThenineteenfiftieswereatimeofextremefearofCommunismintheUnitedStates.Sometimesthisfearwasunreasonable.MillerexaminedthisdifficultperiodinAmericanhistorybysettinghisplayatanotherdifficulttime.TheCrucibletakesplaceintheseventeenthcentury.Hebasedhispla
