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1、三种动词形式变化(即原形,过三种动词形式变化(即原形,过去式,过去分词)一致的去式,过去分词)一致的 cast-cast-cast cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put set-set-set shut-shut-shut broadcast-broadcast-broadcast bet-bet-bet burst-burst-burst rid-rid-rid spread-spread-spread read-read-read spit-spit-spit( spat-
2、spat)省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个的其中一个,然后在词尾叫然后在词尾叫-t weep-wept-wept(流泪,哭泣 ) sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept(扫除,席卷 ) feel-felt-felt kneel-knelt-knelt smell-smelt-smelt dwell-dwelt-dwelt(居住,停留) spell-spelt-spelt spill-spilt-spilt(溢出,洒,使.流出 ) 这一类动词也有一个特点,那就是有字母组合-ee或者ll;同样的,也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规
3、则动词都是这样的变形了。 flee-fled-fled,也基本符合这个规则,我们把它归入此类,不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个,其中一个, speed-sped-sped feed-fed-fed bleed-bled-bled meet-met-met shoot-shot-shot lead-led-led mislead-misled-misled 这类动词也是以字母-d或者-t结尾,中间的字母组合多数是-ee,当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。把原形动词的最后一个字母把原形动词的最后一个字母-d
4、改成改成-t send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent bend-bent-bent spend-spent-spent build-built-built 这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend 和mend属于规则变化的动词有有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的动词,过去式中这些字母组合的动词,过去式中把这些组合改成把这些组合改成-ew,过去分词在动词原形上,过去分词在动词原形上再加字母再加字母-n blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known thro
5、w-threw-thrown draw-drew-drawn withdraw-withdrew-withdrawn 这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是,flewflown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词,而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词,而动词flow是一个规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是flowed-flowed: fly-flew-flown flow-flowed-flowed 另外,有-ow字母组合的动词slow 也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,-ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed,过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如: show-showed-shown sow-sowe
6、d-sown(播种,散布 ) mow-mowed-mown(割草,扫射, ) sew-sewed-sewn含有字母组合含有字母组合-ind的动词,在过去的动词,在过去式和过去分词中都变成式和过去分词中都变成-ound find-found-found wind-wound-wound 当然,这一类动词中也有一些例外,比如,mind就是一个规则变化的动词。 有字母组合有字母组合-in或者或者-ing或者或者-ink的动词,过的动词,过去式把字母去式把字母-i变成变成-a,过去分词中把,过去分词中把-i变成变成-u begin-began-begun sing-sang-sung ring-ran
7、g-rung spring-sprang-sprung(弹起,弹出, ) sink-sank-sunk drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum 此外,以-ing结尾的不规则动词,还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u,过去式和过去分词一致,例如: sting-stung-stung swing-swung-swung不规则动词以不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的,过去式和过结尾的,过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加去分词在原形动词词尾加-t或者或者-d mean-meant-meant leanleant-leant learn-learnt-learnt drea
8、m-dreamt-dreamt burn-burnt-burnt deal-dealt-dealt spoil-spoilt-spoilt hear-heard-heard过去式和过去分词都有过去式和过去分词都有-ought的的 think-thought-thought fight-fought-fought buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought seek-sought-sought 另外有两个动词,原形动词以-ch结尾的,过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类 teach-taught-taught catch-caught-c
9、aught动词以元音字母动词以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的,结尾的,一般是在过去式中将字母改成一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o,过去分词在原形,过去分词在原形动词基础上加动词基础上加-n,或者双写这个辅音字母再加或者双写这个辅音字母再加-n arise-arose-arisen rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-written drive-drove-driven strive-strove-striven give-gave-given 另一种情况是,过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e,然后过去分词双写这个辅
10、音字母再加-n的,例如: hide-hid-hidden bite-bit-bitten有有-ea或者或者-ee或者或者-oo的字母组合的不规则动词,的字母组合的不规则动词,过去式是将这个字母组合改成过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o,然后在词尾加,然后在词尾加-e,过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如:例如: break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen weave-wove-woven(编织,组合,编排 ) freeze-froze-frozen choose-chose-chosen wak
11、e-woke-woken awake-awoke-awoken动词原形中有字母组合动词原形中有字母组合-ay的,过去的,过去式和过去分词改成式和过去分词改成-aid,例如:例如: say-said-said pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid变动动词原形中的元音字母的变动动词原形中的元音字母的 win-won-won dig-dug-dug stick-stuck-stuck hang-hung-hung(悬挂)hang-hanged-hanged(绞死) hold-held-held sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat shine-shone-shone
12、另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合,变化相同的,另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合,变化相同的,因为例子较少,我们把它们列在因为例子较少,我们把它们列在一起,作为一组一组来记忆。 shake-shook-shaken take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistaken wear-wore-worn bear-bore-born tear-tore-torn swear-swore-sworn(发誓,宣誓,咒骂 ) sell-sold-sold tell-told-told (例外的动词fear, hear等) overcome-overcame-overcome get-
13、got-gotten forget-forgot-forgotten undertake-undertook-undertaken+un变反义 believable/ acceptable/ lock / load/ necessary/ comfortable / popular /fair Likely/ lucky / pleasant reasonable / friendly/ happy/ healthy / Easy /tidy /pack Familiar / aware / selfish / willing /sure / certain / fortunate / usu
14、al / common / wise /kind / fold+y difficult /honest/guilt deliver /discover /recover 动词后加动词后加ment 构成的名词构成的名词 judge/ achieve/adjust/agree/amaze/ amuse/ announce/appoint/arrange/astonish/ develop/disappoint /embarrass/ encourage/ enjoy equip/excite/govern/improve/ manage/punish/replace/require/ retire
15、/ employ/move/settle/treat accomplish/advertise 以de 结尾的动词改de 为sion 构成的名词 conclude explode include+ence变名词 exist /depend/persist形容词后加形容词后加ize构成的动词构成的动词 summarize modernize generalize specialize symbolize harmonize加加al的形容词的形容词 nature-natural agriculture-agricultural architecturearchitectural globe-glo
16、bal Culture-cultural condition-conditional centre -central practice-practical office offcial finance-financial origin-original education -educational environment environmental tradition traditional coast-coastal以ic结尾的形容词 athlete-athletic adventure-adventurous history -historic(al) /botany-botanical hero-heroic(al) 以able结尾的形容词 accept-acceptable avoid-avoidable-unavoidable favourfavourable-unfavorable bear-bearable - unbearable加加 ly 构成的形容词构成的形容词 month-monthly man-manly friend-friendly加加ous 构成的形容词构