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1、考研翻译考研翻译( (英语二英语二) )LOGO一.翻译简介数据：7-8 15 20-25形式：英译汉Q1: 英语一和英语二的区别？Q2: 为什么不考汉译英？汉译英的难点 词汇四六级汉译英：瑰宝、皓月、辟邪瑰宝：treasure皓月：bright moon辟邪：avoid evil spirits 英译汉难点(1)词汇词汇a.绝对生词：millennium; anthropology; astrophysicsb.相对生词：set; beef; duck; cause; school; moonlight c.专业术语：black hole; mad cow disease; swine fl
2、u(2)语法结构语法结构：划分成分：主谓宾，定状补(3)语言表达语言表达a.通顺无语病b.无扭曲原文He is a birdman.Check out that hot chick.She is no more a spring chicken.He is the last man that I want to see. c.符合表达习惯My mother always plans ahead. Work hard and make progress everyday.A leopard will not easily change its spots.Time has proved that
3、 his theory can not hold water.二.评分标准1.每句三到四个意群，每个意群0.5分2.每个意群有一个严重错误，则该意群不得分何为严重错误？(1)误译误译blue movie 色情电影talk horse 吹牛 = talk big; boast; brag Cast pearls before pigs. 对牛弹琴(2)漏译漏译the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect误：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童正：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童事件(3)过译过译Everybody rises. If you h
4、ave something to say, then say; if not, then go. 3.一般错别字不扣分，严重错别字三个则该意群不得分一般错别字：作为 做为严重错别字：由于 鱿鱼 鉴于 箭鱼 昌盛 娼盛三.解题步骤1.拆分：划分意群，逐个翻译2.组合：组合成句，注意位置例例1：2014翻译真题翻译真题Most people would define optimism / as being endlesslyhappy, / with a glass thats perpetually half full. 四.意群划分1.连词连词 (1)并列句连词：and, but, yet .
5、(2)状语从句连词：before, after, although .2.关系词关系词(1)关系代词：which, that, as .(2)关系副词：when, where, why .3.介词介词：in, on, at, from, to, of, with .4.分词分词：v-ing; v-ed5.不定式不定式6.标点符号标点符号例例2：2013年真题年真题I can pick a date from the past 53 years / and know instantly where I was, / what happened in the news / and even the
6、 day of the week. 五.翻译技巧(一)词法翻译1.专有名词的翻译第一种方法：音译 (1)人名：John 约翰 Nancy 南希 (2)名人Plato 柏拉图 Socrates 苏格拉底 Aristotle 亚里士多德 Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Bacon 培根 Darwin 达尔文 Darwinism 达尔文主义；达尔文学说第二种方法：照抄例例3：2014年真题年真题“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. 2.多义词的翻
7、译 根据中文搭配习惯翻译delicate a.纤弱的；细致的；精美的；微妙的；可口的delicate girl 柔弱的女子delicate skin 娇嫩/细腻的皮肤delicate relationship 微妙的关系aggressive a.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的aggressive diplomatic policy 侵略性的外交政策aggressive young man 有闯劲的年轻人aggressive salesman 殷勤的推销员3.生词的翻译 第一种方法：猜测duty and entitlement 权利与义务Most people would define
8、optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass thats perpetually half full.第二种方法：融合a unique and distinctly important social science 一门独特且极其/非常重要的社会科学第三种方法：省译a unique and distinctly important social science 一门独特且重要的社会科学(二)句法翻译1.定语的翻译什么是定语？修饰名词的成分叫做定语。定语的翻译方法：译成“.的+名词”（“的”经常省略）(1)前置定语的翻译前置定语的形式：adj. +
9、 n. an available boy 一个单身男孩(2)后置定语的翻译a.名词 + 形容词the only man alive 唯一幸存的人b.名词 + 介词短语man of promising future 前程似锦的人c.名词 + 非谓语（注意：中文多主动，英文多被动）the information used 所使用的信息the meeting being held 正在召开的会议the regulation needed to be observed 需要遵守的法规d.名词 + 反义形容词men tall and short 高矮不一的人 cultures past and pres
10、ent 过去和现在的文化e. 名词 + 形容词短语a bus full of men of women 塞满男男女女的公车(3)多重后置定语的翻译翻译技巧：“本末倒置”the insights of great men of genius 天才伟人的真知灼见part of an exchange of duties and entitlements 义务与权利相交换的部分2.定语从句的翻译翻译技巧一：合二为一翻译技巧一：合二为一 .reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.世界观、价值观、教育背景
11、和社会阶级大相径庭的记者的记者翻译技巧二：一分为二翻译技巧二：一分为二We dont like the boy, who is too arrogant. 我们不喜欢那个男孩，他太过于傲慢。例例4：2014年真题年真题But thats exactly the kind of false cheerfulness / that positivepsychologists wouldnt recommend.例例5：2014年真题年真题 According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of thin
12、gs that happen, but not those who believeeverything happens for the best.例例6：2014年真题年真题Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter.例例7：2013年真题年真题I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs
13、. 3. 状语的翻译状语的定义：修饰动词/句子的成分。状语的形式：(1)介词短语 (2)非谓语状语的位置：句首、句末、谓语动词前The environmentalists advocate protecting the environment invarious ways.译文：环保主义者通过各种方式倡导环境保护。4.状语从句的翻译例例8：2014年真题年真题When he feels down - say, after giving a bad lecture - he grants himself permission to be human.5.名词性从句的翻译(1)主语、宾语、表语从句
14、的翻译：顺其自然例例9：2014年真题年真题He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnt. 例例10：2014年真题年真题He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner, some will be less effective than others. (2)同位语从句的翻译第一种方式：颠倒顺序：译成“.的+先行词”第二种方式：补充说明：译成“：+补充说明”例例11: 2004.64Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,(1)Whorf developed the idea (2) that the structure of languagedetermines (3) the structure of habitual thought in a society. (4)感谢您的关注
