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1、托福作文写作范文详解ReadingNeartheendofhisIifeztheChevalierdeSeingalt(1725-1798)wrotealongmemoirrecountinghislifeandadventures.TheChevalierwasacontroversialperson,butsinceheknewmanyfamousandinfluentialpeopleofhisday,includingkingsandwriters,hismemoirhasbecomeavaluablehistoricalsourceaboutEuropeansocietyinthem
2、idtolateeighteenthcentury.However,somecriticsareskepticalregardingthelegitimacyandaccuracyofthememoir.TheyclaimthattheChevalierdistortedorinventedmanyeventsinthememoirtogivehislifetheappearanceofglamourtomakeitseemmoreexcitingthanitreallywas.Forexample,inhismemoirtheChevalierwritesthatwhilelivinginS
3、witzerland,hewasverywealthy.Itiscertainthathespentagreatdealofmoneythereonpartiesandgambling;however,evidencehasrecentlybeenuncoveredsuggestingthattheChevalierborrowedlargesumsofmoneyfromaSwissmerchant.CriticsthusarguethatiftheChevalierhadindeedbeenasrichashewritesinhismemoir,hewouldnothaveneededtob
4、orrowmoney.CriticsarealsoskepticalaboutexaggerationsandfalsificationsintheconversationsthattheChevalierrecordsbetweenhimselfandthefamouswriterVoltaire.ItisahistoricalcertaintythattheChevalierandVoltairemetandconversed.However,criticsassertthatthememoircannotpossiblycapturetheseconversationswithtotal
5、accurately,giventhatitwaswrittenmanyyearsaftertheoriginalconversationsoccurred.Criticspointoutthatitisatbestunlikelyandatworstimpossibletorememberexactphrasesfromconversationsheldmanyyearsearlier.CriticshavealsocalledintoquestionthememoirsaccountoftheChevaliersescapefromanotoriouslyfamousprisoninVen
6、ice,Italy.TheChevalierclaimstohaveescapedtheprisoninVenicebyusingapieceofmetaltobreakaholeintheceilingandthenclimbthroughtheroof.Criticsclaimthatwhilesuchadaringescapeisanenjoyableread,itismorelikelythattheChevaliersjailerswerebribedtofreehim.CriticsalsopointoutthattheChevalierhadanumberofpoliticall
7、ywell-connectedfriendsinVenicewhocouldhaveofferedabribe.ListeningProfessor:Nomemoircanpossiblyrecordeveryexploitanddetailwithtotalaccuracy,butstillztheChevaliersmemoirisoverallfairlyconsistent,clearandaccurate;itiszbyandIargezareliablehistoricalsource.Letstakealookattheaccuracyofthethreeepisodesment
8、ionedinthereading.Firstztheloanfromthemerchant.ItisclearthatthisdoesntmeanthattheChevalierwaspoor.Letmeexplain.WeknowthatinSwitzerland,theChevalierspentasmallfortuneonpartiesandgambling.Hehaswealth.Butitwasnteasilyaccessiblefunds;hiswealthlayinproperty,whichyouhavetosellfirsttogetmoney.Soitusuallyto
9、okafewdaystoconverthisassetsintoactualmoney.Sowhenheranoutofcashzhewasforcedtoborrowsomewhilehewaswaitingforhismoneytoarrive.Inhiseyes,asmallpricetopayforhislifestyle.Second,theconversationswithVoltaire.Inhismemoir,theChevalierstatesthateachnightzimmediatelyafterconversingwithVoltairezhewrotedowneve
10、rythinghecouldrememberaboutthatparticularnightsconversation.ItseemsthattheChevalierkepthisnotesoftheseconversationsformanyyearsandusedthemasareferencewhenwritinghismemoir.WitnesseswholivedwiththeChevalierinhislaterlifeconfirmedthatheregularlyconsultednotesandjournalswhencomposingthememoir.ThirdztheC
11、hevaliersescapefromaprisoninVenice.OtherprisonersinthesameprisonhadevenmorepowerfulfriendsthandidtheChevalierzandnoneofthemwereeverabletobribetheirwaytofreedom.Thismakesbriberyhardlyseemlikelyinhiscase.Thebestevidence,though,comesfromsomeolddocumentsfromtheVenetiangovernment.Thedocumentsstatethatsoo
12、naftertheChevalierescapedfromprison,theceilingofhisoldprisonroomhadtoberepaired.Whywouldtheyneedtorepairaceilingunlesshehadescapedexactlyashesaidhedid?阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:SomeclaimChevalierdistortedorinventedmanyeventsinthememoir.Subpoint1:Hewasverywealthybutstillborrowslargesumsofmoney
13、.Subpoint2:Exaggerationsandfalsificationsinconversationsafterwritingitdownmanyyearslater.Subpoint3:Theprisonbreakisquestionable;maybehebribedhiswayout.LectureAttitude:Thememoirisoverallaccurate.SubPoint1:Loandoesntmeanpoor.(Hehasproperties.)SubPoint2:Conversationsarewrotedowneverynight(Witnessconfir
14、medheconsultedthenotes.)SubPoint3:Otherprisonershavebiggerfriends.(Documentssaysceilingofprisonneedtorepair.)范文逐段赏析Paragraph1ThereadingpassageraisesseveraldoubtsabouttheaccuracyandobjectivityofthememoirwrittenbytheChevalierdeSeingalt.Incontrast,theprofessordefendsthememoirbyclarifyingtheseemingcontr
15、adictionsintheChevaliersaccounts.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）作者用自己的话复述了R的观点，R对chevalier的回忆录的准确性和客观性有疑问。L表示了反对的逻辑关系，L准备澄清R的几点疑问。此段结构：开头段在总结双方观点表达逻辑关系的时候，没有很无聊的把L观点再写一遍：L认为回忆录是正确的并且做出了几点辩论；而是换了一个说法：L准备澄清Ro这样的表达让人觉得眼前一亮。Paragraph2TheprofessorarguesthatwhilehewaslivinginSwitzerl
16、and,theChevalieroccasionallyhadtoborrowfundstopayforexpensiverecreationalactivitiesbecausehewasrichinassetsbutpoorincash.Accordingtotheprofessor,havinglowamountsofcashisnotthesameasbeingdestituteorfinanciallypoor.Theaddedtransactionofborrowingtemporaryfundsmayhavemadehimappearthisway.Thereading,howeverzholdsthatassomeonewhohadtoborrowlargeamountsofmoneyfromothers,theChevaliermighthavefabricatedstoriesofhiswealthyli
