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1、托福作文写作范文详解ReadingInanefforttoencourageecologicallysustainableforestrypractices,aninternationalorganizationstartedissuingcertificationstowoodcompaniesthatmeethighecologicalstandardsbyconservingresourcesandrecyclingmaterials.Companiesthatreceivethiscertificationcanattractcustomersbyadvertisingtheirpro
2、ductsaseco-certified.Aroundtheworld,manywoodcompanieshaveadoptednewzecologicallyfriendlypracticesinordertoreceiveeco-certificatio.However,itisunlikelythatwoodcompaniesintheUnitedStateswilldothesamezforseveralreasons.FirstzAmericanconsumersareexposedtosomuchadvertisingthattheywouldnotvalueorevenpayat
3、tentiontotheeco-Certificationlabel.Becausesomanymediocreproductsarelabeledneworimproved,Americanconsumersdonotplacemuchtrustinadvertisingclaimsingeneral.Second,eco-certifiedwoodwillbemoreexpensivethanuncertifiedwoodbecauseinordertoearneco-certificationzawoodcompanymustpaytohaveitsbusinessexaminedbya
4、certificationagency.ThisadditionalcostgetspassedontoConsumers-Americanconsumerstendtobestronglymotivatedbypricezandthereforetheyarelikelytochoosecheaperuncertifiedwoodproducts.Accordingly,Americanwoodcompanieswillprefertokeeptheirpriceslowratherthanobtaineco-certification.Thirdzalthoughsomepeoplecla
5、imthatitalwaysmakesgoodbusinesssenseforAmericancompaniestokeepupwiththedevelopmentsintherestoftheworld,thisargumentisnotconvincing.PursuingcertificationwouldmakesenseforAmericanwoodcompaniesonlyiftheymarketedmostoftheirproductsabroad.Butthatisnotthecase-Americanwoodbusinessessellmostoftheirproductsi
6、ntheUnitedStates,cateringtoaverylargecustomerbasethatissatisfiedwiththemerchandise.ListeningWellzdespitewhatmanypeoplesayzthereisagoodreasontothinkthatmanyAmericanwoodcompanieswilleventuallyseekeco-certificationforthewoodproducts.Firstoff,companiesintheUnitedStatesdonttreatalladvertisingthesame.They
7、distinguishbetweenadvertisingclaimsthatcompaniesmakeabouttheirownproductsandclaimsmadebyindependentcertificationagencies.Americanshavealotofconfidenceinindependentagencies.ThusecologicalmindedAmericansarelikelytoreactveryfavorablytowoodproductsecologicallycertifiedbyindependentorganizationwithaninte
8、rnationalreputationfortrustworthiness.SecondpointzofcourseitistruethatAmericanconsumerscarealotaboutpricezwhodoesnt?Butstudiesofhowconsumersmakedecisionsshowthatpricealonedeterminesconsumersdecisionsonlywhenthepriceofonecompetingproductsismuchhigherorlowerthantheother.Whenthedifferencebetweentwoprod
9、uctsissmall,sayzlessthan5percent,asisthecasewithcertifiedwood,Americanoftendochooseonfactoriesotherthanprice.AndAmericansarebecomingincreasinglyconvincedofthevalueofpreservingandprotectingtheenvironmentAndthird,USWoodcompaniesshoulddefinitelypayattentionwhatisgoingoninthewoodbusinessinternationally.
10、Notbecauseofforeignconsumersbutbecauseofforeigncompetitors.AsIjusttoldyouzthereisagoodchancethatmanyAmericanconsumerswillbeinterestedineco-certifiedproducts,andguesswhy?IfAmericancompaniesareslowcapturingthoseconsumers,youcanbesurethatforeigncompanieswillsoonstartcrowdingintotheAmericanmarkets,offer
11、ingeco-certifiedwoodthatdomesticcompaniesdont.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:UScompaniesmaynotadopttheeco-certification.Subpoint1:USconsumerswouldnotvalueorpayattentiontothelabel.Subpoint2:CertifiedwoodwillbemoreexpensiveandUSconsumersarestronglymotivatedbyprice.Subpoint3:Americanwoodcompaniessell
12、productsintheUS.LectureAttitude:USwoodcompanieswilleventuallyseekeco-certification.SubPoint1:Lotofconfidenceinindependentagencies.(Reactfavorablytocertifiedproduct.)SubPoint2:Americanvaluepreservingandprotectingtheenvironment.SubPoint3:Woodcompaniesshouldpayattentioninternationally.(Foreigncompetito
13、rs,consumersneedbrands.)范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Thelectureandthereadingpassagepresentcontradictoryopinionsonthetopicofeco-certificationzaformofaccreditationconferredbyoninternationalagencyinrecognitionofacompanysecofriendlypractices.ThereadingpassageexplainsthatitisnotnecessaryforAmericanlumbercompaniestopu
14、rsueeco-certificationzwhilethelectureprovidesseveralcounterargumentsforwhytheoppositeisthecase.此段功能：(Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替)(Readingpassage后文用R代替)开头段说道L和R关于一个环保牌照持相反意见，随后解释了环保牌照是一家国际环保机构颁发的。R认为美国木材公司不需要此牌照，但是L认为相反。此段结构：开头段作者先展示了L和R的对立关系，解释了对立的原因和分别复述了LzR各自的立场。Paragraph2Firstzthelecturerarguesthatt
15、hereadingpassageistoogeneralinitsstatementthatAmericanconsumersrejectadvertisingcompletely.HeassertsthatAmericansdonottrustadvertisingclaimsforaproductwhentheseclaimsaremadebythecompanythatsellstheproduct.Whenaclaimismadebyanindependentthirdpartyzsuchasawoodcertificationcompany,heposits,consumersres
16、pondverypositivelywithastrongeracceptanceofthecertifiedproduct.此段功能：在第一点的论证上，作者说R认为美国顾客排斥广告太泛泛了。L解释美国人不相信那些自己公司做广告卖自己产品的，但是当证明是第三方机构，例如一个木材验证公司，顾客还是反应十分积极的。此段结构：此段为分总结构，作者先陈述了R的想法，然后用一系列的L的证明来说明R的想法太空洞。Paragraph3Thelectureralsorefutesthesecondpointinthereading:thatprice-sensitiveAmericanconsumersarelikelytochooseinexpensivewoodproductsregardlessofcertification.Theprofessorcontendsthatcertifiedwoodisonlyslightly(lessthan
