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1、第5章细菌感染的检查方法Laboratory DiagnosisOutlinenLaboratory diagnosis for bacterial infectionsuMorphological-microscopic uMolecularuSerologicalAssaysnMorphological assaysuLight or electron microscopiesPrinciples for Specimen CollectionnSterile manipulation,avoid contaminationnObtain a specimen ufrom the infe
2、cted siteuaccording to the disease phaseubefore administrating antibioticsLaboratory Diagnosis for Bacterial InfectionsnMorphological nProtein and Nucleic acidsnAntibodyBacteriological DiagnosisnIdentifying the organismMorphological Isolation&cultureBiochemical reaction Serological assaysnPathogenes
3、is&antibiotics susceptibilityDiagnosis Strategy for Bacterial InfectionMorphologicalnNon-stained microscopic observationIsolation&Culture:ColonynSizenShapenColornSurface featuresuSmooth-RoughnTransparencynHemolysisBiochemical Reactions Sugar Fermentation H2S Test Citrate utilizationSerological Assay
4、snDetection antibody in the patients serumnA current infection should beuIgM positiveuA 4-fold or greater rise on antibody titer between the acute serum sample and the convalescent serum sampleAnimal experimentnAnimalsMouseGuinea Pig Rabbit Dog MonkeyVirulence TestnMedian lethal dose,LD50nMedian inf
5、ective dose,ID50Antibiotic Susceptibility TestnMethodMIC&MBCnMinimum Inhibitory Concentration，MICnMinimum Bactericidal Concentration，MBCnBactericidal drugs usually have an MBC equal or very similar to the MICnBacteriostatic drugs usually have an MBC significantly higher than the MIC Bacterial Protei
6、ns,DNA&RNAnAntigens(Proteins)uKnown antibodiesuAgglutination,coagulation,precipitation,ELISA,Immunofluorescence,radioimmunoassayDetection of Bacterial AntigensnPrecipitation testnCoagglutination testnImmunoflorecence,IFnMcAb techniqueBacterial DNA&RNA nPCRnDNA probe&hybridizationuDNA hybridization(s
7、outhern blot)PCRGene Chip/microarrayDiagnosis Strategy for Bacterial InfectionSection BPrevention and treatmentPreventionPreventionPassiveimmunityActiveimmunityVaccinesAdjuvantsHumanImmune-globulinAnimal sera and antitoxinsThe difference of artificial active and passive immunityActive immunityItemsP
8、assive immunityImmuno substanceTime for responseDurationMain usageAntigenAntibody or cytokineSlow,24 weeksFast,just when the substance injectedLong,several months several yearsShort,23 weeksPreventionPrevention and emergency treatmentVaccinesVaccinesLive(attenuated)vaccinesInactivated vaccinesSubunit vaccinesPlant vaccinesTherapeutic vaccinesDNA vaccinesArtificial passive immunityAntimicrobial chemotherapy
