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1、1 INTESTINAL INTEGRITY IN BROILERS:SHORT CONSIDERATIONS 肉仔鸡肠道健康肉仔鸡肠道健康攻略攻略Intestinal tissue in broiler represents about 5%of body weight,but requires:肉鸡肉鸡肠道组织重量约占其体重的肠道组织重量约占其体重的5%，但需要消耗的是：，但需要消耗的是：15-30%of protein ingested(Gaskins,2001)15%-30%蛋白质蛋白质(Gaskins,2001)20%of gross energy ingested 20%的的总能总
2、能due to high renewal rate and to the intense cells metabolic activity(McBride&Kelly,1990)原因：原因：细胞更新快速细胞更新快速和细胞和细胞新陈代谢活动活跃新陈代谢活动活跃(McBride&Kelly,1990)Gastro intestinal tract 胃肠道胃肠道2 Several infective and not-infective agents can damage the mucosa layers of the gastro-intestinal tract,thus affecting t
3、he digestive and absorption process (Ito et al.,2000)许多传染性和非传染性许多传染性和非传染性因素损害胃肠道粘膜，从而影响消化和吸收因素损害胃肠道粘膜，从而影响消化和吸收(Ito et al.,2000)MICRO-ORGANISMS微微生物生物Bacteria 细菌细菌Protozoa 原虫原虫Viruses 病毒病毒Fungi 霉菌霉菌FEEDING饲料饲料Phytates植酸盐植酸盐Haemagglutinin血凝素血凝素NSPs非淀粉多糖非淀粉多糖Tannins单宁单宁Peroxides过氧化物过氧化物Mycotoxins霉菌毒素霉菌
4、毒素Biogenic amines生物胺生物胺Physical form饲料物理形态饲料物理形态MANAGEMENT饲养管理饲养管理Fasting after disclosure 出壳后禁食出壳后禁食Cycling Temperature 舍温舍温Gastro intestinal tract:the challenges胃肠道面临着挑战胃肠道面临着挑战34 MANAGEMENT:FASTING AFTER DISCLOSURE 饲养管理：出壳后禁食饲养管理：出壳后禁食Some practices adopted at first day after hatching can affect
5、chick development,especially the following systems:实践证明，出壳后第实践证明，出壳后第一天的饲喂方式影响雏鸡生长发育，尤其是以下系统的发育：一天的饲喂方式影响雏鸡生长发育，尤其是以下系统的发育：digestive 消化系统消化系统 immune免疫系统免疫系统 thermo regulatory体温调节系统体温调节系统When chicks in post-hatching period are not properly managed,significant loss in global production can occur.若雏鸡在出
6、壳后饲喂方式不妥当，会造成整个生产周期的严重损失。若雏鸡在出壳后饲喂方式不妥当，会造成整个生产周期的严重损失。Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食5A.Maiorka et al.Key factors are also interactions with:影响肉仔鸡生产性能的其他因素：影响肉仔鸡生产性能的其他因素：Breeder age繁殖日龄繁殖日龄Post-hatching weight 出壳重出壳重Diet nutrients日粮营养日粮营养Water quality水质水质Management饲养管理饲养管理Temperature温度温度Humidit
7、y湿度湿度Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食6A.Maiorka et al.At hatching the digestive system is complete,but not functional在小鸡出在小鸡出壳时，其消化系统就是完整的，只是不具备任何功能性壳时，其消化系统就是完整的，只是不具备任何功能性Assuring feed and water at hatching will allow a fast and regular development of the intestine structure出壳后立即供给饲料和水，可使肠道出壳后立即
8、供给饲料和水，可使肠道组织快速且规律地发育组织快速且规律地发育The complete adaptation of the gastro intestinal tract to exogenous diet requires 3-4 days胃肠道需要胃肠道需要3-4天才能完全发育至适应外源饲料的状态天才能完全发育至适应外源饲料的状态Disaccharides？activity during embryo development is extremely limited,due to low carbohydrates reserves,but increases by 4 times in
9、the first two days of life and is extremely susceptible to diet composition 胚胎发育期，二糖酶活性极低，因为碳水化合物的储备低；但是出壳后胚胎发育期，二糖酶活性极低，因为碳水化合物的储备低；但是出壳后2天内天内活力会提高活力会提高4倍，完全可以适应日粮成分倍，完全可以适应日粮成分Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食7Maiorka,MoranNot all eggs hatch at the same time;delays of 24-36 hours can occur;if tra
10、nsport time is added 48 hours fasting chick will use the yolk sac resources不是不是所有的蛋都在同所有的蛋都在同一时间入孵；一时间入孵；有的会延迟有的会延迟24-36小时；若运输时间增加小时；若运输时间增加 禁食禁食48小时小时 雏鸡会动用卵黄囊内的营养储备雏鸡会动用卵黄囊内的营养储备This can theoretically provide 9 kcal,while the baby chick requires at least 11 kcal,in the first day negative balance理论
11、上，卵黄囊储备可提供理论上，卵黄囊储备可提供9大卡能量，但大卡能量，但是这段时间雏鸡机体至少需要是这段时间雏鸡机体至少需要11大卡能量，出壳后第一天大卡能量，出壳后第一天 负平衡负平衡Chicks receiving feed at hatch use reserves of yolk sac in a much faster way,compared to chick deprived of feed与雏鸡出壳后禁食相比，立即进食可以使雏鸡以更与雏鸡出壳后禁食相比，立即进食可以使雏鸡以更有效更快速的方式利用卵黄囊储备有效更快速的方式利用卵黄囊储备Using yolk sac nutrient
12、s also diverts resources from developing the immune system 动用卵黄囊储备也把用于免疫器官发育的营养转移了动用卵黄囊储备也把用于免疫器官发育的营养转移了Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食8A.Maiorka,Master Intestine QualitySmall Intestine villi小肠绒毛小肠绒毛9A.Maiorka,Master Intestine QualitySmall intestine at hatch刚出壳时小肠绒毛刚出壳时小肠绒毛Small intestine at 3 d
13、ays孵化后第孵化后第3天小肠绒毛天小肠绒毛Effect of fasting after disclosure on small intestine villi出壳后禁食对小肠绒毛的影响出壳后禁食对小肠绒毛的影响10A.Maiorka,Master Intestine QualityFeed available进食进食Fasting禁食禁食After disclosure the major part of dietary protein and energy are devoted to the development of the gastro intestinal tract出壳后，出
14、壳后，日粮蛋白质和能量主要用于胃肠道系统的发育日粮蛋白质和能量主要用于胃肠道系统的发育During the first week of life the intestine increases his size by 200%,if chicks are fed at hatch,but only by 60%,when deprived of feed若出壳后进食，第一周雏鸡肠道长度增加若出壳后进食，第一周雏鸡肠道长度增加200%；若禁食，则只；若禁食，则只增加增加60%Chicks receiving feed at disclosure have 11%more live weight
15、at day 40,when compared to chicks deprived of feed与雏鸡出壳后禁与雏鸡出壳后禁食相比，进食雏鸡的食相比，进食雏鸡的40日龄活体重会增加日龄活体重会增加11%Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食11Noy et al.12Effect of fasting on body weight(BW)loose or gain in day old chick禁食对出壳雏鸡体重损失或增重的影响禁食对出壳雏鸡体重损失或增重的影响 A.Maiorka,Master Intestine Quality%出壳后出壳后24小时体重损
16、失小时体重损失出壳后出壳后72小时增重小时增重进食进食禁食禁食13Take care of them!悉心照料雏鸡！悉心照料雏鸡！14 MANAGEMENT:CYCLING TEMPERATURES 饲养管理：舍温饲养管理：舍温15Effect of cycling temperatures on jejunum flora in broiler舍温对肉舍温对肉 鸡空肠微生态区系的影响鸡空肠微生态区系的影响 Suzuky et al.days38 C#microbes log10/g细菌细菌log10/克克20 C38 C20 C日龄日龄乳酸菌乳酸菌链球菌链球菌+葡萄葡萄球菌球菌16Effect of cycling temperatures on duodenal flora in broiler(35 days)舍温对肉仔鸡十二指肠微舍温对肉仔鸡十二指肠微生态区系的影响生态区系的影响（35日龄）日龄）Suzuky et al.Mean log of bacterial count/g contents菌数菌数log均值均值/g内内容物容物25 C35 CStreptococcus链
