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1、美国名人美国职业棒球大联盟首位黑人球员杰基罗宾逊1.ifeStoryofJackieRobinsonztheFirstBlackPlayerinMajorLeagueBaseballplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:45repeatByJeriIynWatson2005-4-2WelcometoPEOPLEINAMERICA,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.TodayShirleyGriffithandRichKleinfeldttellaboutamanwhochangedprofessionalbasebal
2、lintheUnitedStates.JackieRooseveltRobinsonwasthefirstblackmantoplayinmodernmajorleaguebaseball.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterWorldWarTwo,manyAmericansstillbelievedthatpeopleofdifferentracesshouldnotmix.Insomepartsofthecountry,blacksandwhiteslivedinseparateareasandwenttoseparateschools.Blackswhotriedtochanget
3、hesystemriskedbeingbeatenorkilled.Blackswerenotpermittedtoplayonprofessionalbaseballteamsorinanyothermajorleaguesport.NoblackmanhadplayedforamajorleaguebaseballteamsinceEighteen-Eighty-Four.Inthatyear;Americanbaseballorganizationsagreedtobarblacks.ThatbeganchangingwhenJackieRobinsonplayedhisfirstgam
4、eforNewYorksBrooklynDodgersonAprilFifteenth,Nineteen-Forty-Seven.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:JackieRobinsongrewupinafamilyoffivechildreninPasadenazCalifornia,nearLosAngeles.Hisfatherhadleft.Hismotherdidnotearnmuchmoney,soJackieRobinsonlearnedtomakehisownwayinlife.ItwasinCaliforniathatJackieRobinsonfirstlearnedt
5、heuglinessofracialhatred.Whitefamilieswhodidnotwanttolivenearthemrepeatedlytriedtoforcethemtomoveaway.JackieRobinsonestablishedhimselfearlyasanathlete.HewasastarplayerwhileattendingtheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Jackiewonhonorsinbaseball,basketball,footballandtrack.HewasnamedtotheAll-American
6、footballteam.HewasconsideredthebestathleteonAmericaswestcoast.JackieRobinsonleftcollegeearlybecauseoffinancialproblems.HejoinedtheUnitedStatesArmyinNineteen-Forty-OnezduringthesecondWorldWar.HebecamealieutenantafterboxingchampionJoeLouispushedforRobinsontobetrainedasanofficer.However,afterthreeyears
7、,Robinsonwasdismissedfromthearmybecauseheobjectedtoaracialorder.Herefusedtomovetothebackofabus.VOICEONE:InNineteen-Forty-Five,therewerenotmanyjobsopentoablackman,evensomeonewhohadattendedcollege.Robinsonwantedtoplayprofessionalbaseball.Blacks,however;werenotpermittedtoplayinthemajorleagues.So,hedeci
8、dedtoplaywiththeNegroBaseballLeague.TheNegroLeagueteamswerestartedintheNineteen-Twentiestogiveblackpeopleaplacetoplaybaseball.ManyofthebestbaseballplayersintheUnitedStatesplayedintheNegroLeaguesbeforewhiteprofessionalteamsbeganacceptingblackplayers.Theskillsandrecordsofblackballplayerswereasgoodasma
9、jorleaguewhiteplayers.ItwasahardlifeforNegroLeagueplayers.Theytooklongtripsbybus.Theychangedclothesinfarmhousesandsharedbathwaterwithteammates.Manyeatingplacesdidnotservefoodtoblacks.Theyhadtoeatoutsideorontheroad.Andtheywerenotpermittedtosleepathotelsforwhites.Manyplayerssleptonthebus.VOICETWO:Jack
10、ieRobinsonplayedfortheKansasCityMonarchs.ItwasoneofthemostfamousbaseballteamsintheNegroLeague.But,hewasunhappyintheNegroLeaguebecauseofthedifficultlifethere.InastatementfromthebookTheHistoryofBaseball,Nineteen-Oh-Seven/actorOssieDavisexpresseshopeforchangeinthesport.OSSIEDAVIS:Baseballshouldbetakens
11、eriouslybythecoloredplayer-andinthiseffortofhisgreatabilitywillopentheavenueinthenearfuturewhereinhemaywalkhandinhandwiththeoppositeraceinthegreatestofallAmericangames-baseball.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:InNineteen-Forty-FivezJackieRobinsonsignedanagreementwithBranchRickeytoplayfortheDodgers.Rickeywaspresident
12、oftheteam.Hewantedtofindablackplayerwhocoulddealwiththeinsultsandracialpressurehewouldfaceintheleague.Hewantedablackplayerwhowouldshowrestraintatalltimes.RickeythoughtJackieRobinsonwasgoodenoughasaplayerandstrongenoughasapersontosucceed.HemadeRobinsonpromisethathewouldnevershowhisangeronthebaseballf
13、ield.JackieRobinsonacceptedthatcondition.Hesaid:JACKIEROBINSON:IknewthatIwasgoingtobesomewhatoutfrontandperhaps,Iwouldhavetotakealotofabuse.IknewthatthiswasbiggerthananyoneindividualandIwouldhavetodowhateverIpossiblycouldtocontrolmyself.VOICETWO:SomeobserverssaidthatJackieRobinsonwasnotthebestplayer
14、intheNegroLeagues.Otherssaidthathewaschosenforhiscommunicationsskillsandeducationallevelandbecausehewasanestablishedsportsstar.VOICETWO:DavidFaulknerwroteabookaboutRobinsonslife.ItiscalledGreatTimeComing:TheLifeofJackieRobinsonfromBaseballtoBirmingham.Init,hetalksabouttheendofracialdivisionsinbaseba
15、ll.DAVIDFAULKNER:Formanyyears,therehadbeenanactivecampaignagainstsegregatedbaseballledbyNegronewspapereditorsand,strangelyenough,bytheCommunistparty,whichfromthemiddleNineteen-Thirtieson,hadactivelycampaignedagainstsegregatedbaseball.Therewereanumberofpendingbillsindifferentlegislatureschallengingfa
16、iremploymentpractices.ByNineteen-Forty-Five,therewasalotofheatinalotofdifferentareas-professionalbaseballwascertainlyfeelingthat.Robinsoninasensewastherightpersonattherighttime.VOICEONE:ShortlyafterJackieRobinsonsignedtheagreementwiththeDodgers,hemarriedRachelIsum.Theyhadthreechildren.ItwasimportanttoBranchRickeythatJackieRobinsonbemarried.HethoughtthatthepublicwouldacceptRobinsonmorequicklyifhewasmarried.Hetho
