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1、三nr能薪器xlvlFolndaticIssueBriefISSUENO.504NOVEMBER20212021ObserverResearchFoundation.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copied,archived,retainedortransmittedthroughprint,speechorelectronicmediawithoutpriorwrittenapprovalfromORF.RFAnAssessmentoftheEuropeanUnion,sIndo-PacificStrate
2、gyGirishLuthraAbstractThenewIndo-PacificstrategybytheEuropeanUnion(EU)followspreviousmeasurestoincreaseengagementwiththeregionintheeconomic,securityandconnectivitydomains.TheplanindicatesaclearintenttopositiontheEUintheemergingglobalandregionalgovernancestructures,focusingonstrategicautonomy,inclusi
3、vity,therules-basedorder,andcommonpublicgoods.Implementingtheactionplanbasedonthestrategyislikelytofacenumerouschallenges,includingevolvingandsustainingconsensusonitwithintheEU.Nevertheless,itholdspromiseincontributingtothestabilityanddevelopmentoftheIndo-Pacific.Attribution:GirishLuthra,uAnAssessme
4、ntoftheEuropeanUnionsIndo-PacificStrategy,ORFIssueBriefNo.504,November2021,ObserverResearchFoundation.nApril2021,theEuropeanUnion(EU)releasedtheEUStrategyforCooperationintheIndo-Pacific,adocumentoutliningacooperationplanwiththelndo-Pacific.ThestrategydefinestheregionasextendingfromtheeastcoastofAfri
5、catothePacificIslandStates.ThisdiffersfromtheAmericanandAustralianconceptualisationoftheIndo-PacificasstretchingfromthewestcoastoftheUStothewesternshoresofIndia,andtheJapanese,FrenchandtheIndianinterpretationsthatseeitasextendingfromtheshoresofAfricatothatoftheAmericas.?Notwithstandingsuchinterpreta
6、tions,theEU,sstrategyhassignalledaclearintenttoreorientthegroupingsgeopoliticaloutlookandprovideguidanceforenhancedengagementwiththeIndo-Pacific.TheEuropeanCommissionandtheEUHighRepresentative/VicePresidentwererequestedtopresentafinalcommunicationforapprovalbasedontheproposedstrategy,whichwassubsequ
7、entlyreleasedon16September2021throughajointcommunicationtotheEuropeanParliamentandtheEuropeanCouncilthatoutlinedtherationaleforadeeperengagementwiththeIndo-Pacificandthekeyprinciplesthatwillguideit.3Abroadactionplantoimplementthestrategywasalsoincludedinthejointcommunication.WhileFrance,Germanyandth
8、eNetherlandsalreadyhadguidelinesandstrategydocumentsfortheIndo-Pacific,4theEU-wideumbrellastrategyisamajordevelopment.ItemphasisesthatEuropeaneconomicprosperityandtheEU,svisionofitsroleinamultipolarworldisstronglylinkedtotheIndo-Pacificregion.ItisanacknowledgementbyBrusselsoftheevolvinggeopoliticalr
9、ealities,andmarksarebalancefromthepreviousfocusonEasternEurope,theCaucasus,theLevantandNorthAfriCa.5TheguidancedocumentexplicitlyoutlinesawidespectrumofpotentialengagementwithcountriesintheIndoPacific,withamoveawayfromanexclusivefocusontradeandinvestmentbasedpartnerships.Nevertheless,thenewstrategyd
10、ocumentfortheIndo-PacificmustbeseeninthecontextoftheEU,sforeignandsecuritypolicyevolution.Withinthisbroadframework,thispaperwilloutlinethedistinctivefeaturesoftheEU,sIndoPacificstrategy,keyimperativesdrivingtheapproach,andthepotentialchallengesinitsimplementation.TL.heEU,sexternalpolicieshaveevolved
11、graduallysincethegroupingsformationin1993,bringininincreasedinternalcohesion.In2016,theEUpromulgatedtheEuropeanUnionGlobalStrategy(EUGS)1whichreplacetheEuropeanSecurityStrategy(adoptedin2003.TheEUGShighlightedtheimportanceofstrategicautonomyfortheEUandstressedtheneedtoenhanceitscredibilityasaglobalp
12、layer.Keyaspectscoveredweretoimproveinternalandexternalsecurity;stabilisefragilestatesontheEU,sperimeter;developanintegratedapproachtoconflictandcrises;promotepeaceandintegration;displayacommitmenttomultilateralsystems;andpromotesustainabledevelopmentandrespectforhumanrights.6Inaddition,thestrategye
13、xplicitlyhighlightedthedirectconnectionbetweenEuropeanprosperityandAsiansecuritysinceEuropeantradeandinvestmentinAsiadependedonstabilityintheregion.TheprogressoftheEUGShasbeenreviewedthroughannualimplementationreports,andtherehavebeencallstodevelopandpromulgateanewstrategyalignedmorewiththechanginge
14、nvironmentandchallenges.?Around80percentofthegoodsenteringtheEUtransitthroughtheIndianOcean,andhencethesecurityoftransitroutes,freedomofnavigationandtheruleoflawarecriticalforthegrouping.8TheEuropeanUnionMaritimeSecurityStrategy(EUMSS)wasadoptedinJune2014aftermuchdeliberation,withanactionplanagreedu
15、poninDecember2014underfivekeyareas:maritimeawareness;capabilitydevelopment;riskmanagement,protectionofcriticalmaritimeinfrastructure,andcrisisresponse;researchandinnovation;andeducationandtrainingsTheactionplanwasrevisedinJune2018toincluderegionalresponsestoglobalchallengesinthemaritimedomain.TheEUM
16、SSanditsattendantactionplanshadasignificantroleinmainstreamingmaritimeaspects,withmaritimesecurityaccordedhighpriority,inEUpoliciesandengagementwithotherregions,particularlythewesternIndianOcean.SecurityCooperationInthepost-ColdWarperiod,theEUdrewcomfortfromarepurposedNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO)andlimiteditssecuritycooperationindistantregions.ItsawprincipalthreatsfromarevanchistRussia,Islamist
