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1、Holly JoeIPA-International Phonetic Alphabet音标音标音素和国际音标音素和国际音标 1什么是音素什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。：音素是语音的最小单位。2音素的分类音素的分类：元音和辅音。：元音和辅音。3音素的个数音素的个数：共：共48个，元音音素个，元音音素20个，辅个，辅 音音音音 素素28个。个。4什么是音标什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5什么是国际音标什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音：国际音标是由国际语音 协会规定的一套音标，用来协会规定的一套音标，用来 记录世界各主要语言的语音。记录世界各主要语言的语音。
2、元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。国际音标 元音元音分类分类：英语中共有英语中共有48个音标，元音个音标，元音20个，辅音个，辅音28个。个。单元音单元音双元音双元音前元音前元音中元音中元音后元音后元音/i:/,/,/e/,/:/,/,/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/辅音辅音爆破音爆破音磨檫音磨檫音 鼻音鼻音半元音半元音舌边音舌边音/p/,/b/
3、,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/f/,/v/,/,/3/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/t/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/m/,/n/,/l/w/,/j/Vowels（元音）（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）（单元音）前元音：前元音：/i:/,/,/e/,/i:/例词：例词：he sea tree field短语：短语：green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句：例句：A:Would you like coffee or tea?B:Tea,please.A:OK.I have tea,too./
4、-/i/例词：例词：pin ship hill chicks短语：短语：a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films例句：例句：A:Is Lily in?B:Lily is ill in bed.C:Oh,Im sorry./e/-/例词：例词：pen head leg well短语：短语：ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went to America例句：例句：A:How did you spend your holiday?B:I went to Beijing.A:Was i
5、t expensive?B:Yes,very./例词：例词：apple lantern hand parachute短语短语：black cat mad man traveling bag matter-of fact例句：例句：A:Ann is traveling to Japan.B:How happy she is!A:She is very happy.Vowels（元音）（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）（单元音）中元音：中元音：/:/,/,/:/-/:/例词：例词：girl bird work turn短语：短语：early bird superb work thirsty
6、 person perfect search例句：例句：A:He always arrives work early.B:But he wasnt early this morning.A:You werent early either./例词：例词：teacher picture breakfast welcome短语：短语：a glass of water a quarter to seven brothers and sisters a book about China例句：例句：A:look at the clock！B:whats the time?A:its a quarter t
7、o seven/例词：例词：cup run jump flood短语：短语：hurry up!trust us!rubbish dump mustnt worry例句：例句：A:Its sunny today.B:Yes,isnt it.A:My uncle will go to London next Monday.B:How lucky he is!Vowels（元音）（元音）-pure vowels（单元音）（单元音）后元音：后元音：/u:/,/,/:/,/,/:/u:/例词：例词：zoo who food blue短语：短语：a tooth for a tooth Sue and Lu
8、cy fruit juice two shoes例句：例句：A:Look at my new shoes?B:Oh,they are beautiful.A:Your boots are beautiful,too./-/v/例词：例词：foot wood book push短语：短语：good cook good book couldnt look pudding without sugar例句：例句：A:Where did you put the book?B:Which book?A:The book you bought yesterday./:/例词：例词：fork ball mor
9、ning airport短语：短语：four balls score board morning glory sports reporter例句：例句：A:I see two children on the blackboard.B:He is short.A:She is shorter./-/例词：例词：cock shop job hospital短语：短语：hot coffee long job on the box drop the pot例句：例句：A:I have a bad cough.B:You must see a doctor.A:Yes,I must go to the
10、hospital./:/例词：例词：car garden star guitar短语：短语：fast car half mast heart transplant stars and bars例句：例句：A:You look very smart today.B:Thank you.C:What a marvelous dancer you are.Let me take a photograph of you.Vowels（元音）（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）（双元音）/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/e/-/ei/例词：例词：face rain cake wait短语
11、：短语：eight cakes waste paper railway station wait for the mail例句：例句：A:Its my birthday today.B:Happy birthdayA:Thank you.Come to my birthday party.And dont be late./a/-/ai/例词：例词：sky kite write bicycle短语短语:white lie high tide eye for eye silent night例句：例句：A:Its a fine day today.The sun is shining brigh
12、tly.B:Yes,I feel hot.I like an ice-cream now.A:Yes,I do,too./-/i/例词：例词：boy boil noise coin短语：短语：a spoilt boy a noisy toy an annoying voice Joyces boyfriend例句：例句：A:Look at my toy gun.B:Oh,what a good toy!A:Shall we join our friends in the garden?B:Yes,lets go./-/v/例词：例词：coast throw boat toe短语：短语：Joes
13、 coat go to the window load and unload throw a snowball例句：例句：A:Look!He has a boat.B:Is he going to row?A:I think so./a/-/av/例词：例词：cow house mouth trousers短语：短语：shout out brown mouse down town round lounge例句：例句：A:Is she milking the cow?B:Yes,she is.A:Is the cow in he house?B:No.She is on the dairy fa
14、rm./-/i/例词：例词：ear queer zero beard短语：短语：the atmosphere here queer skier weary mountaineer experienced engineer例句：例句：A:Lets have some beer here.B:What a good idea!A:What shall we do after having beer?B:We shall go to the theatre./e/-/例词：例词：hair bare pear chair短语：短语：millionaires heir mayors parentssqu
15、are chairs careful librarian例句：例句：A:Where is my pen?B:Its over there on the chair.A:Thank you.Its really there./-/v/例词：例词：tour poor jury gourd短语：短语：poor tourists tour from China furious jury European gourd例句：例句：A:I received a letter from my uncle.Hes sick with influenza.B:Im sorry.Is he still in Eur
16、ope.A:Yes.Hes still working in London.B:He must speak fluent English.辅音 发音位置相同 清辅音：清辅音：发音时声带不震动 浊辅音浊辅音：发音时声带震动清辅音清辅音 p t k f 浊辅音浊辅音b d g v 清辅音清辅音 s t ts tr浊辅音浊辅音z 3 d 3 dz drConsonants（辅音）（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）（爆破音）/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/p/例词：例词：pig pot pond plan短语：短语：pick up a pepper pot a piece of pork a pen and a pencil例句：例句：A:Do you collect stamps?B:Yes,I do.A:Will you show me your stamp album?B:Yes,they are upstairs.Let me go and fetch them./b/例词：例词：bus bed bench brush短语：短语：Big Ben a big bottle
