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1、Methodology of English Teaching英语教学法英语教学法 “追求方法”：二十世纪八十年代之前 “教无定法”：后方法时代 英语教学论是一门研究中小学英语教学目的、教学内容、教学目标、教学过程、教学原则、教学模式、教学科研的理论与实践的基本原理、一般规律、主要方法等，以全面培养学生面向未来的基础性的英语运用能力和基础性的综合素质的学科。Introduction Brief Introduction of the Course and Course Plan 课程学习参考书目Unit 1 Language and Learning View on language View
2、s on language learning What makes a good language teacher?What is language?语言的本质与语言教学的本质特征语言的定义（definition of language)语言的本质特征 （nature of language)交际工具符号系统思维工具和文化载体特殊的生理基础 （Views on the nature of language have an impact on the teaching / learning method of a person）对语言教学本质的理解及其对教学实践的影响Views on Lanua
3、ge The Structural View (结构主义） The functional View（功能主义） The interactional View（相互作用理论或交互理论）The Structural View The structural view sees language as a linguistic system. (Language is a system of structuring related elements to code meaning, for example, grammar. Rf. A Course for ELT) 语言的本质是由结构上相互联系的单
4、位组成的、用来表达一定意义的结构系统。 The system of language= the system of sound + the system of words + they system of grammar + sentences phrases words morphemes（词素） (the smallest meaningful unit) phonemes（音素，音位） (the smallest unit)The purpose of language learning To learn a language means to learn these structura
5、l items so as to be able to understand and produce language. 语言学习的目标被认为是掌握该系统中各种成分，即音位、语法单位、词汇等）Impact on language teaching Audiolingual approach （听说法） Total Physical Method （全身反应法） The Silent Way （沉默法）The functional View The functional view sees language as a linguistic system and as a means for do
6、ing things.( Language is a vehicle to express or accomplish a certain function, such as requiring sth. Learner learn a language in order to be able to do things with it.) 认为语言既是一个符号体系，也是一种交际工具 语言是表达交际功能的载体。 强调语言的语义和交际特点，而不是语言的语法特征 有意念-功能教学大纲（Notion-function Syllabus) 交际法教学Functions of language E.g.
7、offering suggestion advising apologizing etc.Notion Purpose of using notion: To perform function What is notion rules and vocabulary are constructed to express notions Examples: Present time, past time and future time Certainty and possibility Agent and instrument Relationship between people and obj
8、ectsInteractional View sees language as a communicative tool ( build up and maintain relations between people)语言是实现人际关系和进行个人之间社会交往的工具。 Two things are needed for communication rules of language form (grammar & vocabulary): to speak the language grammatical correctly rules of language uses in a contex
9、t :Is it appropriate to use this item in this context or given situation? The Process-oriented Theories （过程导向理论） How the mind organizes new informatione.g. habit information, induction, making inference, hypothesis testing and generalization The Condition-oriented Theories（条件导向理论） Emphasize the natu
10、re of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place E.g. the number of students, the kind of input learners receive, and learning atmosphere Views on Language LearningThe Behaviorist Theory Watson and Raynor Stimulus-response theory of psychology According to this theory, all
11、 complex forms of behaviour-motions, habits are seen as elements that can be observed and measured. Skinner: language is a form of behaviour Language teaching in USA: Audio-lingual Method (the listen and repeat drills) Language is learned by constant repetition and reinforcement of the teacher Mista
12、kes were immediately correctedThe Cognitive Theory Chomsky Language is not a form of behaviour, it is a complicated rule-based system.( Language is a rule-governed) There are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with knowledge of these rules an infinite number of sentences can be p
13、roduced (language is generative) The impact of Chomskys theory on language teaching Students should be allowed to create their own sentences based on their understanding of certain rules. This idea is clearly opposition to the audio-lingual method.Constructivist Theory Learning is a process in which
14、 the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows. Learning in general Education is used to develop the mind, not just to rote recall what is learned. John DewaySocio-constructivist Theory Emphasize interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” and scaffolding(脚手架理论）.What makes a good language teacher? Qualities of a good language teacher Ethic devotion Professional qualities Personal styles Teachers professional development
