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1、2023-10-121 白 内 障 病 人 护 理 (Nursing for Cataract Patients)2023-10-122 晶状体在眼球内的位置 (Position of Lens in the Eye)2023-10-1232023-10-124EggPullet 2023-10-125Egg WhiteEggYolk2023-10-126EggShell2023-10-1272023-10-128 晶状体的特性 (Properties of Lens)1.Transparent(透明的)Body2.Protein pruti:n 3.Convex knveks（Degree：
2、1000-1200）2023-10-129Definition：广义上讲，任何因素导致晶体广义上讲，任何因素导致晶体(lens)出现浑浊出现浑浊(turbidness)t:bidnis 都都可称为可称为(cataract)Disease Description 2023-10-1210 白内障国情 (National Conditions）1.6000 万(sixty million)白内障患者 2.100万(one million)白内障患者应施行手术 3.每年新增患者40万(four hundred thousand)4.人口老龄化，患者逐年增加，白内障治疗、护理任务项繁重(A burde
3、nsome task)2023-10-1211 白内障临床分类 (Classification of Clinic)2023-10-1212一：Senile Cataract si:nail 年龄相关性白内障(age-related cataract）2023-10-1213二：Traumatic Cataract tr:mtik 外伤性白内障:眼球穿孔伤、钝挫伤2023-10-1214 三：Metabolic Cataract ,metblik 代谢性白内障：糖尿病，甲状腺疾病 2023-10-1215四：Congenital Cataract kndenitl 先天性白内障 2023-10
4、-1216五：Medicamentous Cataract 药物性中毒性白内障：长期使用“类固醇”药物 六：Radiated Cataract reidieitid 辐射性白内障：因放射线所致2023-10-1217 老年性白内障老年性白内障 Senile Cataract2023-10-12181.年龄增长，晶状体逐渐混浊，即为老年性白内障。一般起于4045以后2.主要病因:氧化损害(Oxidative Damage)ksideitiv 3.临床表现:眼前阴影和渐进性、无痛性视力减退(Visual Deterioration)di,tirirein 2023-10-1219 Nursing
5、Assessment(一)Health History 1.年龄(Age)2.外伤(Trauma)3.营养(Nutrition)4.遗传(Heredity)hirediti 5.代谢(Metabolize)mtblaiz 6.全身病(General Disease)2023-10-1220 身体状况 (Physical Condition)1.症状(Symptom)渐进性视力下降(Gradual Visual Deterioration）di,tirirein 2023-10-1221Clinical Stages 一期(Initial Stage)1、无视力下降（对视力无影响）2、皮质内出现
6、空泡，水裂和板层分离，从周边逐渐向中央扩大，呈“羽毛状”或 楔形浑浊3、此期发展缓慢，可经数年2023-10-12222023-10-1223 二期：膨胀期(Dilatational Stage)1.视力下降 2.晶体呈不均匀浑浊 3.晶体体积变大，将虹膜向前推移 4.前房变浅 5.诱发急性闭角型青光眼 AACG:（Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma)2023-10-12242023-10-1225 三期：成熟期(Maturity Stage)mtjuriti 1.视力下降至眼前手动/光感 2.晶体灰白色均匀浑浊 3.虹膜投影消失 4.眼底不能窥入2023-10-1226
7、2023-10-1227 四期：过熟期(Overripe Stage)uvraip 1.视力突然提高(晶体皮质液化外溢 核下沉）2.前房加深 3.虹膜震颤 4.浑浊晶体纤维分解液化，呈乳白色 5.棕黄色晶体核下沉于囊袋下方 6.诱发晶体溶解性青光眼2023-10-12282023-10-1229 Physical Sign 白瞳症(White Pupil)是最明显的体征2023-10-1230Nursing Diagnosis 1.感知改变(Perceptual Alteration)2.自理缺陷(Self Care Deficit)3.受伤危险(Risk for Injury)4.知识缺乏(
8、Knowledge Deficit)5.潜在并发症(Potential Complications)2023-10-1231 Nursing Goals 1.病人视力提高 2.自理恢复 3.避免受伤 4.熟悉相关知识 5.避免并发症2023-10-1232 Nursing Interventions 一般护理(Ordinary Providence)1.病房介绍(Ward Introduction)2.饮食指导(Diet Guidance)2023-10-1233 治疗配合 (Therapeutic Alliance)erpju:tik lains 一：Nursing of Drug (1)维
9、生素类 VitC,VitB2 (2)滴眼液:白内停,谷胱甘肽,卡他灵 二：Surgical Care 2023-10-12342023-10-1235Preoperative Care1.抗生素(Antibiotic),ntibaitik眼液 术前3天2.镇静剂3.冲洗结膜囊4.冲洗泪道5.降眼压Intraocular Pressure ,intrkjul 6.散瞳孔2023-10-12362023-10-12372023-10-12382023-10-12392023-10-1240Postoperative Care一：“四位”一体(Four Positions)1.体位(Body)2.头位(Head)3.口位(Mouth)4.手位(Hand)二：预防感染(Infection Prevention)氧氟沙星滴眼液三：定期复查(Regularl Countercheck)one week,one month，six months 2023-10-1241Health Education1.Cause of Cataract2.Symptoms of Cataract3.Diagnosis of Cataract4.Theropy and Nursing Knowledge 5.Prevention of Cataract2023-10-1242Thanks a Lot!
