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1、ZQ国田IELTSADVANTAGESummaryCompletionPaSSaRe2ThepotentialofvideogamesasapedagogicaltoolBrandonK.AshinoffWhenIwassevenyearsold,myparentsboughtmeandmybrotheraNintendoEntertainmentSystem,whichtheywouldeventuallyrefertoas“TheIdiotBox.Therewasanimplicitassumption(onethatpersistsamongmuchofthegeneralpublict
2、oday)thatvideogamesweresimplyatoyandnothingofrealsubstancecouldbegainedfromthem.Consideringthiszandtheprevalenceofvideogamesinsociety,numerousquestionshavebeenraisedaboutthelong-termeffectsofregularuse.Whilethemediafocusisgenerallyonpotentialnegativeeffects,thereisalsoevidencetosuggestthattheremaybe
3、arangeofpotentialpositiveeffectsofvideogames.Inthisarticle,Iarguethatvideogamescanbeausefulpedagogicaltoolforeducatorsatalllevelsofacademia.Letsconsiderasimpleanecdotalexampleofhowvideogamesmayencouragechildrentolearnlargeamountsofinformation.Pokemonisapopularchildrensgameinwhichtheplayerhastofighta
4、ndcollectvariouscreaturescalledzzPokemon/Eachofthe150possiblePokemonhasaname,atype(likewatertypeorfiretype),aweaknessandastrength(firetypesareweakagainstwatertypes,butstrongagainstgrasstypes),andastageofitsevolution(somePokemoncanturnintonewonesifyouusethemenough).Roughlyspeaking,thisgivesus5distinc
5、tpiecesofinformationperPokemonandmultiplyingthisby150gives750distinctunitsofinformation.Nowletsconsideranotherlistofinformationthatisconsideredmoreeducationallyimportant:theperiodictable.Withintheperiodictable,eachelementisdefinedbyasymbol,aname,anatomicnumberandweight,aphaseatroomtemperature,andits
6、metalorgastype.Thatcomesto6distinctunitsofinformationpercell.Multiplyingthisby118,thetotalnumberofelements,gives708distinctunitsofinformationfortheperiodictable.Whatmakesthisinterestingisthattherearealargenumberofyoungchildren(andadultsforthatmatter)whocanrecitefrommemorymuchoftheinformationcontaine
7、dinthelistofPokemonzbutitwouldlikelybedifficulttofindthesamenumberofpeoplewhocoulddothatfortheperiodictable.Thepointisthatthemediumofvideogamesappearstohavethepotentialtofacilitatesignificantlearning.AsitturnsOULvideogamesaredesignedtoeffectivelybelearningmachines.Infact,manygamesstartoffwithasimple
8、tutoriallevelthatteachestheplayerthebasicmechanicsofthegame.Throughoutthegame,thestrategyandtacticsneededtocompletetasksbecomemorecomplexwhiletheteachingmethodgraduallyswitchesfromanexplicittutorialtoanexperience-basedprocess.Essentially,gamesteachtheplayertheskillsneededtocriticallyevaluateanysitua
9、tionwithinthegameanddeterminethebestcourseofaction.Starcraft2(aswellasitspredecessorsStarcraftandStarcraft:BroodWar)iswhatiscalleda”RealTimeStrategy/game.Playersmustobtainvariousresourcesandusethemtopurchasebuildingsandfightingunits.Then,theymustfightanddefeattheirenemy.Toplaythisgamesuccessfully,pl
10、ayersmustmanagetheirtimeandresourcesmoreefficientlythantheiropponentsaseachbuildingandunithasadifferentcost,purpose,andbuildtime.Additionally,muchlikePokemon,unitshavestrengthsandweaknesses.AplayerhastoconstantlyupdatetheirstrategiesthroughoutthegameQD国IELTSADVANTAGESummary Completionbasedontheirint
11、eractionswiththeotherplayers,requiringsignificantplanningandcriticalthinkingskillsthatarehonedbyplayersovertime.Infact,whileStarcraftbeginnersperformlessthan100actions(ordecisions)perminute,professionalscanperformover400perminute.Despiteevidentin-gamelearning,oneconcernisthatvideogamescanonlybeusedt
12、oteachplayersaboutgame-relatedinformationandnotabouteducationallyrelevantmaterial.However;recentresearchintothefieldofdigitalgame-basedlearningsuggeststhatthisisnotthecase.PsychologistCurtSquireconductedaqualitativecasestudyonasecondaryschoolhistoryclassinwhichhehadstudentsplayanhistoricalsimulation
13、gamecalledCivilization3withtheintentionofhavingthestudentslearnabouthistoryfromplayingthegame.Itshouldbenotedthatthisgamewasnotdesignedspecificallyasaneducationalgame.Inthisgame,studentstakecontrolofacivilization(liketheAztecsortheFrench,forexample)andprogressthroughhistorydevelopingtechnology,engag
14、inginsimulatedwarfareanddiplomacy,andmanagingtheeconomiesoftheirempires.Squirereportedthatplayingthisgameforeducationalpurposesseemedtobenefitstudentswhostruggledwithtraditionaleducation,thoughstudentswhotypicallyperformedwellpreferredtraditionalteachingmethods.Anotherwayinwhichvideogamesarelearning
15、machinesisthattheyarehighlymotivatingandthereforetheycaninducehigherstudentengagementcomparedtotraditionalteachingmethods.AccordingtothepsychologistKarlaHamIen,“despiteassumptionsthatchildrenplayvideogamestoavoidmentalstimulation,childrenareactuallymotivatedbythechallengeandthinkingrequiredbyvideoga
16、mes.wSquirereportedthatthestudentsinhisstudyvoluntarily,andwithoutprovocation,spenttimelearningmoreabouthistoryfromthezzcivelopedia,zthatcomeswithCivilization3,whichisakindofencyclopaediawhichprovidesplayerswithhistoricallyaccurateinformationabouttheirchosencivilizationsandotheraspectsofthegame.Adaptedfrom:https:WWW.ncbi.nlm.nih.qov/DmC/articles/PMC4179712/Questions24-27Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSORANUMBERfro
