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1、美国名人摄影家玛格丽特伯克怀特1PhotographerMargaretBourke-Whitewasoneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentiethcenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:27repeatByShelleyGollust2006-5-13(THEME)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutphotographerMargaretBourke-Wh
2、ite,(burk-white)oneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentiethcentury.(THEME)VOICEONE:Ayoungwomanissittingonherkneesontopofalargemetalstatue.Sheisnotinapark.SheisoutsideanofficebuildinghighaboveNewYorkCity.Theyoungwomanreachedthestatuebyclimbingthroughawindowonthesixty-firstfloor.Shewantedtogetabetterpi
3、ctureofthecitybelow.ThewomanisMargaretBourke-White.Shewasoneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentiethcentury.Butshedidnotwritethenews.Shetoldherstorieswithacamera.Shewasafearlesswomanofgreatenergyandskill.HerworktookherfromAmericasMidwesttotheSovietUnion.FromEuropeduringWorldWarTwotoIndia,SouthAfricaa
4、ndKorea.Throughherwork,shehelpedcreatethemodernartofphotojournalism.Insomeways,Bourke-Whitewasawomanaheadofhertime.Sheoftendidthingslongbeforetheybecameacceptedinsociety.Shewasdivorced.Sheworkedinaworldofinfluentialmen,andearnedtheirpraiseandsupport.Sheworetrousersandcoloredherhair.Yetzinmoreimporta
5、ntways,shewasawomanofandforhertimes.Shebecameinvolvedintheworldaroundherandrecordeditinpicturesforthefuture.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-WhitewasborninNewYorkCityinnineteen-oh-four.WhenMargaretwasveryyoung,thefamilymovedtoNewJersey.Hermother,MinnieBourkezworkedonpublicationsfortheblind.Herfather,J
6、osephWhite,wasanengineeranddesignerintheprintingindustry.Healsolikedtotakepictures.Theirhomewasfilledwithhisphotographs.SoonyoungMargaretwashelpinghimtakeanddevelophisphotographs.Whenshewaseightyearsold,herfathertookherinsideafactorytowatchthemanufactureofprintingpresses.Inthefoundry,shesawhotliquid
7、ironbeingpouredtomakethemachines.Sherememberedthisforyearstocome.MargaretattendedseveraluniversitiesbeforecompletingherstudiesatCornellUniversityinIthacazNewYorkinnineteentwenty-seven.Shestudiedengineering,biologyandphotography.Shemarriedwhileshewasstillastudent.Butthemarriageonlylastedoneyear.VOICE
8、ONE:MargarettookthenameBourke-Whitezthelastnamesofhermotherandfather.Innineteentwenty-eight,shebeganworkinginthemidwesterncityofCleveland,Ohio.ItwasthenoneofthecentersofAmericanindustry.ShebecameanindustrialphotographerattheOtisSteelCompany.Inthehot,noisyfactorieswheresteelwasmade,shesawbeautyandasu
9、bjectforherpictures.Shesaid:Industryisalive.Thebeautyofindustryliesinitstruthandsimpleness.Everylinehasapurpose,andsoisbeautiful.Whateverartwillcomeoutofthisindustrialagewillcomefromthesubjectsofindustrythemselveswhichareclosetotheheartofthepeople.ThroughoutAmericaandEurope,engineersandbuildingdesig
10、nersfoundbeautyintechnology.Theirmachinesandbuildingshadartisticforms.InNewYork,theMuseumofModernArtopenedinnineteentwenty-nine.Oneofitsgoalswastostudytheuseofartinindustry.Bourke-Whitesphotographicexperimentsbeganwiththeuseofindustryinart.VOICETWO:Bourke-WhitesfirstpicturesinsidethesteelfactoryinCl
11、evelandwereafailure.Thedifferencebetweenthebrightburningmetalandtheblackfactorywallswastooextremeforhercamera.Shecouldnotsolvetheproblemuntilshegotnewequipmentanddiscoverednewtechniquesofphotography.Thenshewasabletocapturethesharpdifferencebetweenlightanddark.Themovementandpowerofmachines.Theimporta
12、nceofindustry.Sometimesherpicturesmadeyoufeelyouwerelookingdownfromagreatheight,orupfromfarbelow.Sometimestheyledyoudirectlyintotheheartoftheactivity.VOICEONE:InNewYork,awealthyandinfluentialpublishernamedHenryLucesawBourke-Whitespictures.LucepublishedamagazinecalledTime.Hewantedtostartanewmagazine.
13、ItwouldbecalledFortune,andwouldreportaboutdevelopmentsinindustry.LucesentatelegramtoBourke-White,askinghertocometoNewYorkimmediately.SheacceptedajobasphotographerforFortunemagazine.Sheworkedtherefromnineteentwenty-ninetonineteenthirty-three.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitetoldstoriesinpictures,o
14、neimageatatime.Sheusedeachsmallimagetotellpartofthebiggerstory.Thetechniquebecameknownasthephotographicessay.Othermagazinesandphotographersusedthetechnique.ButBourke-White-morethanmostphotographers-hadunusualchancestodevelopit.VOICEONE:Intheearlynineteenthirties,shetraveledtotheSovietUnionthreetimes
15、.Latershewrote:Nothinginvitesmesomuchasacloseddoor.IcannotletmycamerarestuntilIhaveopenedthatdoor.AndIwantedtobefirst.Ibelievedinmachinesasobjectsofbeauty.SoIfeltthestoryofanationtryingtoindustrialize-almostovernight-wasperfectforme.VOICETWO:OnherfirsttriptotheSovietUnion,Bourke-WhitetraveledontheTr
16、ans-SiberianRailway.Shecarriedmanycamerasandexamplesofherwork.WhenshearrivedinMoscow,aSovietofficialgaveheraspecialtravelpermit,becausehelikedherindustrialphotographs.ThepermitorderedallSovietcitizenstohelpherwhileshewasinthecountry.Bourke-WhitespoketogroupsofSovietwritersandphotographers.Theyaskedheraboutcameratechniques,andalsoaboutherprivatelife.Afteronegathering,severalmensurroundedherandtalkedfora
