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1、FORNEWtruckdriversinPortland,Oregon,a$30,000signingbonus.Fornewrecruitsinthearmy,a$50,000bonus.RouteclosuresforpublicbusesfromTexastoNorthDakota.AnendtoautomaticdailyhousekeepingatmostHiltonandMarriotthotels.OffersbyAmazonandWalmarttocovercollegetuitionfortheiremployees.Thethreadthatrunsthroughallth
2、esesnapshotsatinysampleofsuchstoriesisaremarkableimbalancebetweentheneedforworkersandtheiravailabilityinAmericatoday.Theeconomyhassurgedbeyonditspre-covid-19levelofGDRCompaniesinjustabouteveryindustry,fromhospitalitytofinance,aredesperatetohirepeopletokeepupwithdemand.Butthenumberswillingtoworkforth
3、emarecreepingdown:Americahasabout3mfewerworkersnowthanontheeveofthepandemic,a2%contractioninthelabourforce.Thosewhohaveleftthejobsmarketcanbedividedintothreebroadgroups:peopleintheirprimeworkingyearswho,forvariousreasons,wouldratherbeathome;olderpeoplewhowereheadingtowardsretirementandhavespeededupt
4、heirdepartures;andimmigrants,whoseflowthroughlegalchannelshasdriedup.Onefactorexplainingtheirreluctancemaybethesurgeinpropertypricesandstocks,accordingtoeconomistsattheFederalReserve*sbranchinStLouis.Thoseonthecuspofretirementwithamplesavingsmaynowfeellessofaneedtopunchtheclock.Theremayalsobeamoretr
5、oublingexplanation.Olderpeoplehavebeenhitharderbycovid,andillhealth,orthethreatthereofcoulddeterthemfromworking,saysBetseyStevenson,aneconomistattheUniversityofMichigan.Eitherway,thelongerolderpeoplestayoutofwork,theharderitwillbeforthemtogetbackin.Adeclineinimmigrantscompoundsthat.Foralltheattentio
6、ntoillegalbordercrossingsfromMexico,thebiggerstoryismissingforeignersinAmerica.Thereareabout2mfewerworking-ageimmigrantsthantherewouldhavebeenhadpre-covidtrendscontinued,accordingtoGiovanniPeriandReemZaiouroftheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Roughlyhalfwouldprobablyhavehaduniversitydegrees,sotheirabse
7、ncehurtshigh-skillandlow-skillindustriesalike.Still,theoddsarethatthejobmarketwillbealittlecalmerbytheendoftheyear;thankstoacombinationofslowereconomicgrowth,afadingpandemicandmoreprime-ageAmericansresumingwork.Buttheextremetightnesstodaywillhaveofferedaglimpseintothefutureasageingdepletesthepoolofp
8、otentialworkers.MsWanamakerdescribestheprospectasawperpetuallabourshortage”.Gettingbywithlesshelpwillbethenewnormal.Ql:TheauthorintroducedhistopicbyA. CitingsomeinstancesB. MakingacomparisonC. JustifyinganassumptionD. RefutingafactQ2:Thephrase,creepingdown(line5,para2)isclosestinmeaningtoA. boastB.
9、fluctuateC. boomD. DecreaseQ3:ThecurrentcontractioninlaborforcecanpartlybeattributedtoA. American,sgreedyforpropertyandstocksB. American,soptimismaboutpost-covid-19economyC. EdersreluctancetoendurehardworkD. Seniorcitizens,poorhealthconditionQ4:AccordingtoGiovanniPeriandReemZaiour,shrinkageinimmigra
10、ntsmayA. AggravatetheillegalbordercrossingB. PoseathreattomultipleindustriesC. StimulatetheneedforhighereducationD. BoostthedemandforskilltrainingQ5:WhatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphaboutthelabourcrisisinAmerica?A. Itwillbesolvedinthelong-runB. ItwillbetighterinthenearfutureC. IthasbeenalleviatedfornowD. Itwillfacearatherbleakfuture
